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A survey of operating system support for persistent memory

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Abstract

Emerging persistent memory technologies, like PCM and 3D XPoint, offer numerous advantages, such as higher density, larger capacity, and better energy efficiency, compared with the DRAM. However, they also have some drawbacks, e.g., slower access speed, limited write endurance, and unbalanced read/write latency. Persistent memory technologies provide both great opportunities and challenges for operating systems. As a result, a large number of solutions have been proposed. With the increasing number and complexity of problems and approaches, we believe this is the right moment to investigate and analyze these works systematically.

To this end, we perform a comprehensive and in-depth study on operating system support for persistent memory within three steps. First, we present an overview of how to build the operating system on persistent memory from three perspectives: system abstraction, crash consistency, and system reliability. Then, we classify the existing research works into three categories: storage stack, memory manager, and OS-bypassing library. For each category, we summarize the major research topics and discuss these topics deeply. Specifically, we present the challenges and opportunities in each topic, describe the contributions and limitations of proposed approaches, and compare these solutions in different dimensions. Finally, we also envision the future operating system based on this study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the Key Technology Improvement of Industrial Control System granted by the Ministry of Industry and Information.

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Miao Cai & Hao Huang

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  1. Miao Cai
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Correspondence to Miao Cai.

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Miao Cai received the BS degree from China University of Mining and Technology, China in 2014. He received the MS degree from Nanjing University, China in 2016. He is currently working towards the PhD degree in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Nanjing University, China. His research interests include operating system and memory/storage system.

Hao Huang received the BS degrees from Xiamen University, China in 1982 and the PhD degree from Nanjing University, China in 1999. He is now a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Nanjing University, China. His research interests include operating system and system security.

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Cai, M., Huang, H. A survey of operating system support for persistent memory. Front. Comput. Sci. 15, 154207 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-020-9395-3

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