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Petrological and geochemical characterization of the arc-related Suru–Thasgam ophiolitic slice along the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2021

I.M. Bhat Open the ORCID record for I.M. Bhat [Opens in a new window] ,
T. Ahmad ,
D.V. Subba Rao  and
N.V. Chalapathi Rao
I.M. Bhat*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
T. Ahmad
Affiliation:
Vice Chancellors Office, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
D.V. Subba Rao
Affiliation:
Geochemistry Division, National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad-500606, India
N.V. Chalapathi Rao
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
*
Author for correspondence: I.M. Bhat, Email: imbhat89@gmail.com
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Abstract

The Ladakh Himalayan ophiolites preserve remnants of the eastern part of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean, in the form of Dras, Suru Valley, Shergol, Spongtang and Nidar ophiolitic sequences. In Kohistan region of Pakistan, Muslim Bagh, Zhob and Bela ophiolites are considered to be equivalents of Ladakh ophiolites. In western Ladakh, the Suru–Thasgam ophiolitic slice is highly dismembered and consists of peridotites, pyroxenites and gabbros, emplaced as imbricate blocks thrust over the Mesozoic Dras arc complex along the Indus Suture Zone. The Thasgam peridotites are partially serpentinized with relict olivine, orthopyroxene and minor clinopyroxene, as well as serpentine and iron oxide as secondary mineral assemblage. The pyroxenites are dominated by clinopyroxene followed by orthopyroxene with subordinate olivine and spinel. Gabbros are composed of plagioclase and pyroxene (mostly replaced by amphiboles), describing an ophitic to sub-ophitic textural relationship. Geochemically, the studied rock types show sub-alkaline tholeiitic characteristics. The peridotites display nearly flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns ((La/Yb)N = 0.6–1.5), while fractionated patterns were observed for pyroxenites and gabbros. Multi-element spidergrams for peridotites, pyroxenites and gabbros display subduction-related geochemical characteristics such as enriched large-ion lithophile element (LILE) and depleted high-field-strength element (HFSE) concentrations. In peridotites and pyroxenites, highly magnesian olivine (Fo88.5-89.3 and Fo87.8-89.9, respectively) and clinopyroxene (Mg no. of 93–98 and 90–97, respectively) indicate supra-subduction zone (SSZ) tectonic affinity. Our study suggests that the peridotites epitomize the refractory nature of their protoliths and were later evolved in a subduction environment. Pyroxenites and gabbros appear to be related to the base of the modern intra-oceanic island-arc tholeiitic sequence.

Keywords

pyroxenitesperidotitesgeochemistryophioliteswestern Ladakh
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 8 , August 2021 , pp. 1441 - 1460
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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