Emission based prioritization of bridge maintenance projects using neutrosophic fuzzy sets based decision making approach
Introduction
Climate change is one of the most challenging problems in today's world. As one of the most generated greenhouse gasses (GHG), carbon dioxide has an increasing effect on global warming (Ritchie & Roser, 2017). The USA has one of the highest emissions per capita (Ritchie & Roser, 2017) and it continues to increase each year. Even though the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that total emissions will decrease until 2020 because of the change from fuel to electricity 1 the world emissions are expected to increase by the end of 2050 especially among non-OECD member countries (Marchal et al., 2011).
The construction sector is responsible for 39% of emissions in 2018, including the manufacturing of the materials (Guggemos & Horvath, 2005). Besides, the substantial usage of nonrenewable energy makes the construction sector even more critical, and there is room for further improvements to reduce emissions created by the construction industry (BIS, 2010; Levermore, 2008). Therefore, life cycle analysis (LCA) is an important concept for the construction industry and was investigated in recent years. Yet, the focus of LCA analysis in the sector is buildings rather than infrastructure facilities (Atmaca & Atmaca, 2015; Guggemos & Horvath, 2005; Kua & Maghimai, 2017; Levermore, 2008; Stephan & Stephan, 2016).
Here, another important source of is the materials used that ranges from the substitution of the materials such as asphalt (Mladenovič et al., 2015), sand (Kua, 2013), and even cement (Crossin, 2015). In the US to minimize the environmental damages of bridge paints, new coating systems are developed (Itoh & Kitagawa, 2003). A study discusses the different emissions of steel and concrete and found that reinforced concrete has lower embodied energy depending on the case (Kua & Maghimai, 2017). Another study investigates the usage of alternative structural systems extensively by considering many elements such as materials, transportation, and fuel emissions (Cole, 1998).
The concept of embodied energies is especially important for infrastructures such as roads, bridges, and tunnels because they are the reason for over 90% of life cycle emissions (Huang et al., 2015; Stephan & Stephan, 2016). The LCA studies test that infrastructure construction is mainly based on material use (Huang et al., 2015). The same applies to maintenance activities. The operational energy that includes the heating, cooling, etc. of the building covers most of the emissions of a building. Yet, for a bridge, this stage does not include many aspects. Therefore, the major source of emissions is the construction and maintenance of the bridges. In this paper, the emission is much more tested as an additional fuel consumption because of truck detours.
Testing alternatives should not only base on traditional cost evaluation methods. Instead, it should consider environmental costs as an important parameter. In this perspective, this study aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to assess the bridge maintenance projects based on their emissions. Especially, in the analysis section of this paper, it is shown that the highest importance weight among the criteria is assigned to the emissions by the decision-makers, which also supports the claim of this paper. One contribution of this paper is to propose a new model to assess different maintenance projects by taking the environment into the heart of the methodology.
This study proposes a new hybridizing type-2 neutrosophic number (T2NN) based fuzzy WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) and TOPSIS (Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To An Ideal Solution) model to prioritize the bridge maintenance projects. One of the major contributions of this study is to present a prioritizing tool using expert knowledge. Another contribution is to develop a hybrid MCDM model named fuzzy T2NN based WASPAS and TOPSIS that enables the alternative evaluation from qualitative and quantitative information and provides the best alternative for decision-makers.
Section snippets
Bridge maintenance studies
In the literature, most of the studies focus on the economic evaluation of bridge maintenance projects by ignoring the environmental costs (Liu & Frangopol, 2005; Miyamoto et al., 2000). There are different techniques to manage bridge maintenance such as Markovian models (Scherer & Glagola, 1994) and genetic algorithms (Liu et al., 1997; Liu & Frangopol, 2004; Neves et al., 2006). However, using multi-attribute decision-making (MCDM) techniques is highly preferred to test different alternatives
Problem definition
From the literature, we find that different approaches are applied in many types of research for understanding the impact of a decision-making process on bridge asset management practices. However, there is still a gap in addressing the impact of environmental effects precisely, especially emission because of additional fuel consumption. In this paper, we consider a hybrid model in a dataset of five bridges in Northwestern Turkey. This paper aims to illustrate the impact of different
Type-1 neutrosophic set
The neutrosophic sets (NSs) was introduced by Smarandache (1999). The NSs are extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) theory. IFSs were proposed by Atanassov (1986) as an extension of Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory known as type-1 fuzzy sets (Zadeh, 1965). Although IFS can only successful in processing incomplete information, the NSs can handle both indeterminate and inconsistent information in decision making systems (Smarandache, 1998). Fig. 3 illustrates geometric representation of various
Experimental results
Each criterion is evaluated by four decision makers (DMs) with the help of the linguistic terms as given in Table 5. The linguistic evaluations for DMs are given in Table (Appendix A.1). Alternatives are evaluated with respect to criteria based on the linguistic terms in Table 6. Table (Appendix A.2) presents the evaluation rating of alternatives. The analysis of the proposed hybrid model is detailed below.
The linguistic values of alternative are converted to the fuzzy numbers based on the
Discussion
The prioritization process for the five bridges in the Marmara Region of Turkey is performed. The result is found as . In this section, this result is tested, and its validity is discussed in detail.
First, these five bridges show unique characteristics among themselves for each different criterion. Therefore, the decision of the prioritization of these bridges is not an effortless task without an appropriate multi-criteria decision-making system. Because, once each criterion is
Conclusion
In the case study, the developed model has been used to test and rank five bridge maintenance projects. Also, a sensitivity analysis with a range of value considered performed to investigate the impact of weightings on the ranking order of the alternatives.
Additionally, one of this paper's main contributions is that the importance of emission in evaluating the bridge maintenance prioritization problems is analyzed. The results show that the highest importance weight is assigned to
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Ilgin Gokasar: Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Muhammet Deveci: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Onur Kalan: Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing.
References (81)
- et al.
A neutrosophic theory based security approach for fog and mobile-edge computing
Computer Networks
(2019) - et al.
An approach of topsis technique for developing supplier selection with group decision making under type-2 neutrosophic number
Applied Soft Computing
(2019) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
(1986)- et al.
Life cycle energy (lcea) and carbon dioxide emissions (lcco2a) assessment of two residential buildings in gaziantep, Turkey
Energy and Buildings
(2015) - et al.
Eco-costs evaluation for the optimal design of buildings with lower environmental impact
Energy and Buildings
(2016) Energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the construction of alternative structural systems
Building and Environment
(1998)The greenhouse gas implications of using ground granulated blast furnace slag as a cement substitute
Journal of Cleaner Production
(2015)- et al.
Minimum expected cost-oriented optimal maintenance planning for deteriorating structures: Application to concrete bridge decks
Reliability Engineering & System Safety
(2001) - et al.
A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro-simulation
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
(2009) - et al.
Using co2 emission quantities in bridge lifecycle analysis
Engineering Structures
(2003)
Selecting an outsourcing provider based on the combined mabac–electre method using single-valued neutrosophic linguistic sets
Computers & Industrial Engineering
Evaluation of e-commerce websites: An integrated approach under a single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic environment
Knowledge-Based Systems
Optimal bridge maintenance planning based on probabilistic performance prediction
Engineering Structures
Environmental evaluation of two scenarios for the selection of materials for asphalt wearing courses
Journal of Cleaner Production
Two probabilistic life-cycle maintenance models for deteriorating civil infrastructures
Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics
Selecting an airport ground access mode using novel fuzzy lbwa-waspas-h decision making model
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Developing a novel fuzzy neutrosophic numbers based decision making analysis for prioritizing the energy storage technologies
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
From the new european standards to an environmental, energy and economic assessment of building assemblies from cradle-to-cradle (3e-c2c)
Energy and Buildings
Life cycle energy and cost analysis of embodied, operational and user-transport energy reduction measures for residential buildings
Applied Energy
Selection of wind turbines with multi-criteria decision making techniques involving neutrosophic numbers: A case from Turkey
Energy
Fuzzy sets
Information and Control
Model for residential house element and material selection by neutrosophic multimoora method
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
A hybrid approach of neutrosophic sets and dematel method for developing supplier selection criteria
Design Automation for Embedded Systems
Trade-off analysis methodology for asset management
Multiobjective optimization for project selection in network-level bridge management incorporating decision-maker’s preference using the concept of holism
Journal of Bridge Engineering
An fmea-based topsis approach under single valued neutrosophic sets for maritime risk evaluation: The case of ship navigation safety
Soft Computing
Estimating the amount of co2 emissions that the construction industry can influence
Aggregation of triangular fuzzy neutrosophic set information and its application to multi-attribute decision making
Neutrosophic sets and systems
Life-cycle cost model for evaluating the sustainability of bridge decks: A comparison of conventional concrete joints and engineered cementitious composite link slabs: A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
Multi-attribute life cycle assessment of preventive maintenance treatments on road pavements for achieving environmental sustainability
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Comparison of environmental effects of steel-and concrete-framed buildings
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Covid-19 vaccine: A neutrosophic mcdm approach for determining the priority groups
Results in Physics
Life cycle assessment of Norwegian road tunnel
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Incorporating uncertainty into transportation decision making: Sustainability-oriented approach
Transportation Research Record
A projection-based todim method under multi-valued neutrosophic environments and its application in personnel selection
Neural Computing & Applications
A novel intuitionistic fuzzy mcdm-based codas approach for locating an authorized dismantling center: A case study of istanbul
Waste Management & Research
Exploring the impact of traffic congestion on co 2 emissions in freight distribution networks
Logistics Research
A dynamic life cycle assessment tool for comparing bridge deck designs
Integrated life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis model for concrete bridge deck applications
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Life-cycle cost model for evaluating the sustainability of bridge decks
Cited by (38)
The SMAA-MABAC approach for healthcare supplier selection in belief distribution environment with uncertainties
2024, Engineering Applications of Artificial IntelligenceArchitecture selection for 5G-radio access network using type-2 neutrosophic numbers based decision making model
2024, Expert Systems with ApplicationsFueling the future: Overcoming the barriers to market development of renewable fuels in Germany using a novel analytical approach
2024, European Journal of Operational ResearchAn integrated decision support framework for resilient vaccine supply chain network design
2023, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence