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Activity Patterns, Diet and Home Range of Night Monkeys (Aotus griseimembra and Aotus lemurinus) in Tropical Lowland and Mountain Forests of Central Colombia

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Abstract

Most primates live in lowland ecosystems; however, some species have been particularly successful at colonizing higher altitudes, such as night monkeys (genus Aotus). Studies of the ecology of night monkeys in tropical forests are numerous, but behavioral data are limited due to the challenges associated with their nocturnal habits. Although Andean night monkeys (A. lemurinus) live in mountain forests >1000 m.a.s.l. and Caribbean night monkeys (A. griseimembra) live in rainforests <1000 m.a.s.l., they are found at similar tropical latitudes. Between 2018 and 2019, we followed three groups of A. lemurinus and one group of A. griseimembra at three sites in Colombia and recorded data on their ecology and behavior. Although they live at different altitudes, the two species had similar activity patterns and diet, investing approximately half of the night in resting (48%), and feeding primarily on fruits. We found differences among groups in the time invested in feeding on flowers, their home range, and distance traveled per night. These differences may be related to the unique characteristics of each study site and differences in resource availability and floristic composition of forests at different altitudes. Although the most important families in their diet were Moraceae and Urticaceae, highland groups also fed frequently on a large number of Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae trees. This research suggests these two nocturnal primates, living in contrasting environments, use similar strategies to cope with the challenges of being active at night in tropical forests.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Geographic Society (Grant EC-323R-18), the Global Wildlife Conservation Primates Action Fund, and the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation (Grant No. 5236.005-0255) for funding the field phase and facilitating the long-term establishment of the night monkey project in Colombia. Fundación Proyecto Primates also provided valuable logistical and financial support for the study. We thank the Lalinde and De Greiff families, who have allowed primate research at San Juan de Carare over the past 13 years; the Montilla family and Rubén Orozco for allowing us to carry out this research on their property and facilitating our accommodation in Pijao; and Shella Ovalle and Raúl Ladino for accommodating us in their home in the Cuchilla de Peña Blanca reserve and for all the logistical support provided during the project. We sincerely thank Sandra Gomez (Fundacion Ingenial Colombia) and biologist Danilo Santos for the support and logistical facilities given with the Tequendama group.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología (LEBTYP), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Sebastián O. Montilla, Laura Natalia Sierra Murcia & Andrés Link

  2. Fundación Proyecto Primates, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Sebastián O. Montilla, Laura Natalia Sierra Murcia & Andrés Link

  3. Programa de Biología, Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña (CEAM), Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia

    Alex Mauricio Mopán-Chilito & Andrés Humberto Cardona-Cardona

  4. Programa de Biología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Jonathan David Mahecha Triana, Otto Mauricio Caro Ruiz & Julie Alejandra Holguín-Vivas

  5. Programa de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Juanita Montoya-Cepeda & Erika Alejandra Chaves Díaz

  6. Programa de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Daniela Alejandra Gutierrez-Barreto & Erika Alejandra Chaves Díaz

  7. Programa de Biología, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia

    Carlos J. Agámez

  8. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad Evolución y Conservación (BEC), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia

    Luis Javier Pérez-Grisales & Mariana Cruz-Moncada

  9. Programa de Biología, Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

    Nicole Juliana Corredor-Durango & Ana María Rivera-Ospina

  10. Programa de Biología, Semillero de Investigación en Primatología y Conservación de sus Ecosistemas (SIPCE), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia

    Estefanía Franco-Pérez

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  1. Sebastián O. Montilla
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  2. Alex Mauricio Mopán-Chilito
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  3. Laura Natalia Sierra Murcia
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  4. Jonathan David Mahecha Triana
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Contributions

SOM and AL conceived and designed the study. SOM, AMMC, LNSM, JDMT, OMCR, JMC, DAGB, JAHV, CJA, LPG, MCM, NJCD, EACD, AHCC, EFP, and AMRO conducted the fieldwork. SOM and AL performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sebastián O. Montilla.

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Handling Editor: Joanna Setchell

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Montilla, S.O., Mopán-Chilito, A.M., Murcia, L.N.S. et al. Activity Patterns, Diet and Home Range of Night Monkeys (Aotus griseimembra and Aotus lemurinus) in Tropical Lowland and Mountain Forests of Central Colombia. Int J Primatol 42, 130–153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00192-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00192-1

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