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Integrated use of archival aerial photogrammetry, GNSS, and InSAR data for the monitoring of the Patigno landslide (Northern Apennines, Italy)

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Abstract

The morphological changes of unstable areas can be identified using different methodologies that allow repeated surveys over time. The integration between the data obtained from different remote sensing and ground-based techniques, characterized by different coverage, resolution, and precision, allows to describe the kinematic motion of landslides with high accuracy and details. The aim of this work is to monitor the displacements of the Patigno landslide, a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation located in the Northern Apennines (Zeri, Massa Carrara, Italy), using archival aerial photogrammetry (1975–2010), continuous GNSS observations (2004–2018), and multi-temporal InSAR data (2015–2019). The results obtained adopting the different techniques were cross-validated and integrated in order to better explain the kinematics of the landslides: the GNSS data analysis shows horizontal movements of about 43 mm/yr in the S-E direction and vertical deformations of 6.5 mm/yr, in agreement with the average displacement rates obtained from photogrammetry and InSAR processing. The analysis of multi-temporal aerial photogrammetric images allowed us to observe three sectors of the landslide body characterized by different velocities rates and planimetric directions, in agreement with the LOS InSAR displacement field. Furthermore, the correlation between the rainfall distribution and the GNSS time series shows an acceleration of the sliding movements after about 3–4 months of a strong rainfall period. This integrated approach allowed us to overcome the limitations of each technique and to provide a 44-year long monitoring of the Patigno landslide. We also show that a synergic use of ground-based and remote sensing methodologies can provide useful information for the planning of more effective landslide risk mitigation strategies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Prof. Enzo Mantovani, Prof. Dario Albarello, and Dr. Marcello Viti of Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment of the University of Siena for providing the GNSS data. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Massimo Baglione, Dr. Vittorio D’Intinosante, and Dr. Pierangelo Fabbroni of the Servizio Sismico-Regione Toscana for providing the archival aerial photogrammetric surveys of 2010 and 2013. Several figures (Fig. 1 inset, 3, 4, 7) were generated with the Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel et al. 2013). The authors deeply thank the reviewers and the editor for their constructive and helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy

    Nicola Cenni

  2. UCD School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Simone Fiaschi

  3. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy

    Massimo Fabris

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  1. Nicola Cenni
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  2. Simone Fiaschi
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Contributions

Nicola Cenni—GNSS data processing, multi-technique approach, data interpretation, and writing of the manuscript

Simone Fiaschi—InSAR data processing, data interpretation, and writing of the manuscript

Massimo Fabris—Aerial photogrammetric data processing, data interpretation, and writing of the manuscript

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Correspondence to Nicola Cenni.

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Cenni, N., Fiaschi, S. & Fabris, M. Integrated use of archival aerial photogrammetry, GNSS, and InSAR data for the monitoring of the Patigno landslide (Northern Apennines, Italy). Landslides 18, 2247–2263 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01635-3

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