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After a century in the Mediterranean, the warm-water shipworm Teredo bartschi invades the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), overwintering a few degrees above zero

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Abstract

During almost a century of permanence in the Mediterranean, the warm water species Teredo bartschi has adapted to progressively colder climates up to overwintering at water temperatures only a few degrees above zero. A fine-grained analysis of discoveries, synonyms, museum collections and grey literature establishes that this species entered the Mediterranean since at least 1935. Coming from tropical waters through the Suez Canal, the species has undergone to a long period of acclimatization in the Levantine Basin of the Mediterranean and then pushed north at the beginning of this century until it has invaded the Lagoon of Venice. The invasion routes are reconstructed and presented. The lagoon of Venice is a microtidal bar-built estuary located in the northernmost part of the Mediterranean and represents the highest latitude reached by the species on a global scale. Here for over ten years, T. bartschi has now become invasive forming stable and abundant populations. This paper presents some biometrics of hard parts such as pallets and shells as well as the description of siphons, useful for the identification and characterization of the species. The shape of the pallets of the Venetian population differs from the Aqaba’s (Giordania) and Mersin’s (Turkey) populations. Phenotypic variation are probably due to environmental effects on morphology.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks are due to the editor James T. Carlton (Williams College, MA USA) for his careful, accurate and punctual revision of historical sources, his highly appreciated scientific suggestions and stylistic notes. We are grateful to the reviewers, Nancy C. Treneman, (Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, USA), and a second anonymous colleague, for their careful reading of our manuscript and their valuable comments and suggestions. Thanks to Dr. Luca Perale for performing radiographs at his Vet Lab in Venice and to Mr Loris Dametto (CNR-ISMAR) for its technical help in fieldwork. We thank the Venice Water Authority (Provveditorato Interregionale per le Opere Pubbliche per il Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige e Friuli Venezia Giulia, former Magistrato alle Acque) which kindly provided the SAMANET hydroclimatic data. Thanks are due to Dr. Patrizio Terlicher, Mr. Ferro and to the staff of the Territorial Office for Biodiversity of the State Forestry Corps, Tarvisio (UD, Italy), for the courtesy with which they provided us with the test panels. We thank Dr. Reuben Shipway (University of Portsmouth, UK) who confirmed our taxonomic identifications by DNAbarcoding. Finally, we thank the Italian network Long-Term-Ecological-Research, of which the Venice lagoon is a macrosite (LTEREUIT016) for useful suggestions in the discussion of data.

Funding

This research has been supported by the Italian Flagship Project RITMARE (Ricerca ITaliana per il MARE- The Italian Research for the Sea), coordinated by the Italian National Research Council and funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze marine (CNR-ISMAR), Venice, Italy

    Davide Tagliapietra, Irene Guarneri & Marco Sigovini

  2. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland, USA

    Erica Keppel

Authors
  1. Davide Tagliapietra
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  2. Irene Guarneri
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  3. Erica Keppel
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  4. Marco Sigovini
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Contributions

DT has performed the field and laboratory work, has analysed the data and written the first draft of the manuscript and edited the final version. IG has contributed to field and laboratory work, analysed the data, helped producing the figures, manipulates the images and has edited the manuscript. EK has contributed to field, laboratory work, and has edited the manuscript. MS has contributed to field and laboratory work and helped producing the figures. All authors have been involved in project development and have approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Irene Guarneri.

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Tagliapietra, D., Guarneri, I., Keppel, E. et al. After a century in the Mediterranean, the warm-water shipworm Teredo bartschi invades the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), overwintering a few degrees above zero. Biol Invasions 23, 1595–1618 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02461-3

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