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Multi-method investigation of mass transfer mechanisms in a retrogressive clayey landslide (Harmalière, French Alps)

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Abstract

The mass transfer mechanisms in landslides are complex to monitor because of their suddenness and spatial coverage. The active clayey Harmalière landslide, located 30 km south of Grenoble in the French Alps, exhibits two types of behavior: in its upper part, decameter-sized clay blocks slide along a listric slip surface, while a flow-like mechanism is observed in a clayey remolded material a few hundred meters below the headscarp. The landslide underwent a major retrogression affecting 45 ha in March 1981 and has experienced multiple reactivations since then. The last major event took place on the 26th of June 2016, and a large investigation survey was conducted to better understand the reactivation mechanism. A multi-method investigation was carried out at different temporal and spatial scales, including aerial photograph and light detection and ranging processing, correlation of optical satellite images, global navigation satellite system monitoring, continuous seismic monitoring, and passive seismic survey. The morphological evolution of the landslide was traced over the last 70 years, showing a headscarp retrogression of 700 m during multiple reactivations and a total mass transfer of more than 6 × 106 m3. The detailed study of the 2016 event allowed to track and understand the mechanism of a mass transfer of 1 × 106 m3 in 5 weeks, from a sliding mechanism at the headscarp to an earthflow at the toe.

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Acknowledgements

Meteorological data were provided by OMIV (Multidisciplinary Observatory of Versant Instabilities; (www.ano-omiv.cnrs.fr). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor who greatly helped to enhance the quality of this paper.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the French VOR federative structure, the French national C2ROP project, the French National Research Agency in the framework of the Investissements d’Avenir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02, CDP-RISK), and the LabEx OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56). This work was partly supported by the project SIMOTER 1 funded by the European Union under the ERDF – POIA program and by the French government under the FNADT – CIMA program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Sylvain Fiolleau, Denis Jongmans, Gregory Bièvre, Pascal Lacroix, Agnès Helmstetter & Marc Wathelet

  2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, UR ETNA, Grenoble, France

    Guillaume Chambon

  3. InfraSurvey Sarl, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Michel Demierre

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  1. Sylvain Fiolleau
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Correspondence to Gregory Bièvre.

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Fiolleau, S., Jongmans, D., Bièvre, G. et al. Multi-method investigation of mass transfer mechanisms in a retrogressive clayey landslide (Harmalière, French Alps). Landslides 18, 1981–2000 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01639-z

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