Abstract
Intensively managed agriculture land is a significant contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which adds to global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. Recent studies have suggested that fungal dominant N2O production may be promoted by pathogenic fungi under high nitrogen fertilization and continuous cropping. Here, we measured the contribution of fungal communities to N2O production under intensively managed strawberry fields of three continuous cropping years (1, 5, and 10 years) and compared this adjacent bare soil. Higher N2O emission was observed from the 10-year field, of which fungi and prokaryotes accounted for 79.7% and 21.3%, respectively. Fungal population density in the 10-year field soil (4.25 × 105 colony forming units per g (CFU/g) of air-dried soil) was greater than the other cropping years. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the nirK gene showed that long-term continuous cropping decreased the diversity of the fungal denitrifier community, but increased the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, F. oxysporum produced large amounts of N2O in culture and in sterile 10-year field soil. A systemic infection displayed by bioassay strawberry plants after inoculation demonstrated that F. oxysporum was a pathogenic fungus. Together, results suggest that long-term intensively managed monocropping significantly influenced the denitrifying fungal community and increased their biomass, which increased fungal contribution to N2O emissions and specifically by pathogenic fungi.
Key points
• Distinguishing the role of fungi in long-term continuous cropping field.
• Identifying the abundant fungal species with denitrifying ability.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Professor Yao Huaiying from Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment for providing the gas chromatograph for the analysis of gas kinetics.
Funding
This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20191111), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501333), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M621666).
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YH and JQJ conceived the general idea of the study, carried out experiments, performed data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. MLY acquired funding for the study and helped to write the manuscript. CH provided good suggestions in designing the experiment and wrote and revised the manuscript. YHC helped to perform DNA extraction and collated the manuscript to form its final version. CBG and XX prepared figures of network analysis and CCA analysis. JJL helped to perform Illumina sequencing data analysis and prepared the reference section. All authors read, commented, and agreed on the manuscript.
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Huang, Y., Jing, J., Yan, M. et al. Contribution of pathogenic fungi to N2O emissions increases temporally in intensively managed strawberry cropping soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 2043–2056 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11163-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11163-8