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Identification of potential glycoprotein biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma using sweet strategies

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Abstract

The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is high in South and Southeast Asia regions. Most OSCC patients are detected at advanced stages low 5-year survival rates. Aberrant expression of glycosylated proteins was found to be associated with malignant transformation and cancer progression. Hence, identification of cancer-associated glycoproteins could be used as potential biomarkers that are beneficial for diagnosis or clinical management of patients. This study aims to identify the differentially expressed glycoproteins using lectin-based glycoproteomics approaches. Serum samples of 40 patients with OSCC, 10 patients with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and 10 healthy individuals as control group were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with lectin Concanavalin A and Jacalin that specifically bind to N- and O-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Five differentially expressed N- and O-glycoproteins with various potential glycosylation sites were identified, namely N-glycosylated α1-antitrypsin (AAT), α2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), and haptoglobin (HP); as well as O-glycosylated AHSG and clusterin (CLU). Among them, AAT and APOA1 were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 120). It was found that AAT and APOA1 are significantly upregulated in OSCC and these glycoproteins are independent risk factors of OSCC. The clinical utility of AAT and APOA1 as potential biomarkers of OSCC is needed for further evaluation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya (OCRCC-UM) for providing serum samples and data from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS).

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Malaya Postgraduate Research Grant (PPP) PG326–2016A and University of Malaya (UM) High Impact Research (HIR) MoE Grants UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOE/DENT/09 and UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/16/5 from the Ministry of Education Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yin-Ling Wong & Yeng Chen

  2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ramanathan Anand & Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman

  3. Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ramanathan Anand, Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman & Yeng Chen

  4. Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia

    Kar Mun Yuen, Mannil Thomas Abraham & Keng Kiong Tay

  5. Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia

    Wan Mahadzir Wan Mustafa

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Wong, YL., Anand, R., Yuen, K.M. et al. Identification of potential glycoprotein biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma using sweet strategies. Glycoconj J 38, 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-021-09973-z

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