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Investigations of Polymethacrylate Tribochemical Films Using X-Ray Spectroscopy and Optical Profilometry

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Abstract

This study investigates the elemental composition and surface morphology of solid tribochemical films formed on steel surfaces. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method was used to synthesize nine different metal-free polymers, which were blended into commercial base oils. The polymers were either homopolymers of dodecyl methacrylate and ethylhexyl methacrylate or were co-polymers of these monomers with six polar monomers. After tribological testing at 100 °C using the ball-on-flat geometry, the resulting tribochemical films were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The resulting tribochemical films have thicknesses around 50–100 nm. Two of the films corresponding to small (P1—imidazole-containing copolymer) and large (P3—less polar homopolymer) wear were cross-sectioned using focused ion beam (FIB) and analyzed for elemental composition using energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX) mapping. Oxygen and nitrogen enrichment was observed, consistent with the relative chemical composition of the precursor polymers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evidence suggests that at the worn surface, some organic elements penetrate or are mixed into the steel substrate giving an interlocking appearance. The two samples examined with TEM showed that P1 tribofilm is diffused or mixed with the steel substrate more so than P3, suggesting a stronger affinity and contact during tribofilm formation.

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Data Availability

Optical and profilometry images (gold-coated and uncoated) and EDS mapping of all tribochemical films are available to download from the Supporting Information, free of charge.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Office of Vehicle Technology (VTO) of the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE), (under Contract VT0604000-05450-1004897). PNNL is proudly operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE (under Contract DE_AC06–76RLO 1830). The authors kindly acknowledge contributions from our colleague Mr. Cortland Johnson (PNNL) for improving the TOC graphic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA

    Robert A. Erck

  2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Miao Song, Dongsheng Li & Lelia Cosimbescu

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  1. Robert A. Erck
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  2. Miao Song
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  3. Dongsheng Li
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  4. Lelia Cosimbescu
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Contributions

LC proposed the study, analyzed results, and coordinated collaborations. RE conducted friction experiments, analyzes ball and flat surfaces for wear, acquired and analyzed optical images, and interpreted all data. MS and DL acquired SEM and TEM and interpreted data. All authors wrote and reviewed this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lelia Cosimbescu.

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Erck, R.A., Song, M., Li, D. et al. Investigations of Polymethacrylate Tribochemical Films Using X-Ray Spectroscopy and Optical Profilometry. Tribol Lett 69, 26 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01388-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01388-5

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