Abstract
The present work reports the effect of addition of 0.2 wt.% C on the microstructure, mechanical properties and dry sliding wear of Fe-0.65 wt.% P-based alloy prepared by hot powder forging. The presence of phosphorus (P) leads to loss of ductility in steels which may be overcome by use of the reported powder forging route as well as addition of C in processing of Fe–P alloys. In this study, the iron-phosphate (master alloy) powder containing 5 wt.% P was prepared by a chemical route. The master alloy powder was then mixed with water-atomized Fe powder, while carbon was added in the form of graphite powder. The mixed powders were filled in a mild steel (M.S) capsule and heated at 1323 K in tubular furnace in the presence of flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The heated capsule was hot-forged at 1323 K and further homogenized at the same temperature for two hours. Strength and hardness increased on addition of 0.20 wt.% carbon in Fe-0.65 wt.% P alloy without loss in ductility. Friction and wear properties under dry sliding wear conditions have also been found to improve with the addition of carbon. Wear results have been discussed and correlated with observed microstructure and mechanical properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Molinari A, Straffelini G, Fontanari V, and Canteri R, Powder metall 35 (1992) 285.
Vassileva V, Krecar D, Tomastik C, Gierl-Mayer Ch, Hutter H, and Danninger H, Powder metall progress 15 (2015) 36.
Moyer K H, Mag. Maters and Properties for Powder Metall Part Appls, ASM Handbook 7 (1998) 1006.
Rui M, Kaiping Y, Litao L, Heng J, Shulong Y, and Peng Y, Metals 9 (2019) 321.
Ma J, Houan J, Liang Y, Dil F K, Yihang Y, Siyong G, Jiqiong L, and Xiaofeng Z, Int Maters Res 12 (2019) 1129.
Qu X, Gowri S, and Lund J A, Int J Powder Metall 27(1991) 9.
Straffelini G, Fontanari V, Molinari A, and Tesi B, Powder Metall 36 (1993) 135.
Cheng L, and Rana R, Low Density High Strength Steel and Method for Producing Said Steel, US Patent 14 (2014).
Gautama, B R, Bull Mater Sci 26 (2003) 483.
Tengzelius J, Avoiding Brittleness in Iron-Phosphorus Alloys, Metal Powder Report UK 48 (1993) 36.
Hansel H, and Grabke H J, Scripta Metall 20 (1986) 1641.
Hopkins B E, and Tipler H R, J Iron Steel Inst (1958) 218.
Abiko K, Suzuki S, and Kimura H, Tran Japan Inst Metals 23 (1982) 43.
Suzuki S, Obata M, Abiko K, and Kimura H, Tran Iron Steel Inst Japan 25 (1985) 62.
Stewart J W, Charles J A, and Wallach E R, Mater Sci Technol, 16 (2000), 275.
Straelini G, and Molinari A, Powder Metall 44 (2001) 248.
Tomlinson W J, and Vandrill G J, Wear (1987) 375.
Tomlinson W J, and Dennison G, Tri Int (1989) 259.
Batienkov R V, Dorofeev V Y, Eremeeva Z V, and Artemov V V, Metallurgist 55 (2011) 289.
Hanejko F J, Int J Powder Metall 4 (2005) 37.
Rutz H G, and Hanejko F G, Adv Powder Metall Particulate Maters 5 (1994) 117.
Erden M A, Gunduz S, Karabulut H, and Turkmen M, Mechanics 23 (2017) 574.
Lindskog P, Tengzelius J, and Kvist S A, Int J Powder Metall 10 (1977) 97.
Preusse H, and Bolton J D, Powder Metall 42 (1999) 51.
Chaurasia S K, Prakash U, and Dabhade V, Metallo Micro Anal 6 (2017) 561.
Chaurasia S K, Prakash U, Dabhade V V, and Nath S K, Metallo Micro Anal 6 (2018) 1.
Turkmen M, Powder Metall Metal Ceramics 55 (2016)164.
Igharo M, and Wood J V, Powder Metall 31 (1988) 184.
Eyre T S, and Walker R K, Powder Metall 19 (1976) 22.
James W B, McDermott M J, and Powell R A, Powder Forging, ASM Hand Book 14 (1998) 188.
Muchnik S V, Powder Metall Metal Ceramics 23 (1984) 915.
Bhushan B, Introduction to Tribo, 2nd ed Wiley, New York (2013).
Chaurasia S K, Prakash U, Dabhade V V, and Nath S K, Mater Today Proc 5 (2018) 17170.
Shaikh Q A, Coleman D S, Bates J, Nurthen P D, and Brewin P R, Mater Sci Technol 7 (1991) 728.
Simchi A, and Danninger H, Powder Metall 47 (2004) 73.
Acknowledgements
The work described above was carried out in the Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, IIT Roorkee (Uttarakhand).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaurasia, S.K., Dabhade, V.V., Prakash, U. et al. Effect of Carbon Addition on Mechanical Properties and Dry Sliding Behavior of Fe-0.65P Alloy Processed by Powder Forging. Trans Indian Inst Met 74, 735–742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02195-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02195-9