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Effect of low levels of hydrotropes on micellization of phenothiazine drug

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
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Abstract

Interactions within mixtures of the phenothiazine drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) and cationic hydrotropes ortho-toluidine hydrochloride (o-TDH) and para-toluidine hydrochloride (p-TDH) were investigated at different ratios and temperatures via conductometry to understand various physicochemical properties. Critical micelle concentration (cmc) was less than values of cmcid (cmc in ideal mixed system), indicating significant interaction among the studied constituents in solution mixtures. The cmc of pure PMH was also determined by measuring the surface tension for comparison. A variety of micellization thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy [ΔG 0m ], change in standard enthalpy [ΔG 0m ], and change in entropy [ΔG 0m ]) were computed using conductometry. The micellar mole fraction (X Rb1 , X Rod1 , and X id1 ) of hydrotropes estimated by various theoretical models (Rubingh, Rodenas, and Motomura) was assessed, and the results showed a greater contribution of hydrotropes in mixed micelles along with their values increasing via an increase in mole fraction (α1) of hydrotropes (o-TDH/p-TDH). Negative β values suggest extremely favorable attractive interaction/synergism, as declines occurred in the whole quantity of amphiphile used for the desired purpose, leading to a drop of expenditure along with ecological concern. Obtained activity coefficients (f1 and f2) were always beneath unity, meaning nonideality was found between PMH and o-TDH/p-TDH. Like the conductivity method, the UV-visible and FT-IR techniques also demonstrate the interaction between the PMH and o-TDH/p-TDH.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, under grant no. (KEP-73-130-38). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support. This article is dedicated to Prof. Kabir-ud-Din on his 75th birth year.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Sulaiman Y. M. Alfaifi, Malik Abdul Rub, Naved Azum, Anish Khan & Abdullah M. Asiri

  2. Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Dileep Kumar

  3. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Dileep Kumar

  4. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Malik Abdul Rub, Naved Azum, Anish Khan & Abdullah M. Asiri

  5. Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India

    Farah Khan

  6. Department of Natural Science in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Hurija Džudžević-Čančar

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  1. Sulaiman Y. M. Alfaifi
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Alfaifi, S.Y.M., Kumar, D., Rub, M.A. et al. Effect of low levels of hydrotropes on micellization of phenothiazine drug. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 386–399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0710-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0710-3

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