Skip to main content
Log in

Stemming material and Inter-row delay timing effect on blast results in limestone mines

  • Published:
Sādhanā Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Safe and efficient blasting is the prime objective of any blasting engineer. The safe and efficient is generally called when there are no fly rocks, less ground vibration and optimum fragmentation with loose muckpile. This study describes the use of stemming material and inter-row delay timing effect to improve the efficiency of the blast and its results. From the study, it was found that the use of aggregates or screened drill cuttings having a size of 3-7 mm helps in reducing the collar generated boulders as well as increasing the looseness of the muckpile. Change in delay timing between rows also determined that the mean fragment sizes are fair and uniform, muckpile parameters were improved when the delay between first and second row was 8-14 ms/m of burden and the delay gap between last two rows was 5 ms/m of the burden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rai P 2002 Evaluation of the effect of some blast design parameters on fragmentation in an opencast mine. Ph.D thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

  2. Cevizci H and Özkahraman H T 2012 The effect of blast hole stemming length to rockpile fragmentation at limestone quarries. Int. J. Rock Mech. Mini. Sci. 53: 32–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu Z, Xiea H and Mohanty B 2008 Numerical investigation of blasting induced cracking in cylindrical rocks. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 45(2): 111–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jimeno C L, Jimeno E L and Carcedo F J A 1995 Drilling and Blasting of Rocks. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 183–184

    Google Scholar 

  5. Konya C J 1995 Blast Design. Intercontinental Development Corporation, Ohio, USA

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dobrilović M, Ester Z and Janković B 2005 Measurement in blast hole stem and influence of stemming material on blasting quality. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 17: 47–53

    Google Scholar 

  7. Choudhary B S and Arora Rajesh 2017 Screened drill cuttings in blast hole for tamping of stemming to reduce generation of fly rock. J. Mines Met. Fuels 65 (1): 19–23

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chung S H and Mustoe G G 2002 Effects of particle shape and size distribution on stemming performance in blasting. In: Discrete Element Methods: Numerical Modeling of Discontinua, pp. 288–293

  9. Lang L C 1979 Buffer blasting techniques in open pit mines, In: Proceedings of 5th Conference on Explosives and Blasting Techniques, SEE annual meeting, pp: 66–80

  10. Chiappetta R F 1998 Blast monitoring instrumentation and analysis techniques, with an emphasis on field applications. Fragblast Int. J. Blast. Fragment. 2(1): 79–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cunningham C V B 2000 The effect of timing precision on control of blasting effects. In: Proceedings of Explosives and Blasting Technique, Holmberg, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 123–128

  12. Choudhary B S and Rai P 2013 Stemming plug and its effect on fragmentation and muckpile shape parameters. Int. J. Min. Miner. Eng. 4(4): 296–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Katsabanis P, Omidi O, Rielo O and Ross P 2014 A review of timing requirements for optimization of fragmentation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. ISEE, Denver, CO

  14. Katsabanis and Omidi O 2015 The effect of delay time on fragmentation distribution through small- and medium-scale testing and analysis. In: 11th International Symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, pp 715–719

  15. Chiapetta R F and Postupack C 1995 An update on causes and recommendations for controlling coal damage when blasting overburden, In: Proceedings of Explo-95, Brisbane, pp 345–360

  16. Yang H S and Rai P 2011 Characterization of fragment size vis-à-vis delay timing in quarry blasts. Powder Technol. J. 211: 120–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sjoberg J, Schill M, Hilding D Yi C, Nyberg U and Johansson D 2012 Computer simulations of blasting with precise initiation. In: ISRM International Symposium-EUROCK 2012. International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden

  18. Katsabanis P D and Liu L 1996 Delay requirements for fragmentation optimization. In: Proceedings of Measurement of blast fragmentation (Fragblast 5), Montreal, Canada, pp. 241–246

  19. Katsabanis P D, Tawadrous A, Braun C and Kennedy C 2006 Timing effects on fragmentation. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. ISEE, Dallas, TX, vol 2.

  20. Johnson C E 2014 Fragmentation Analysis in the Dynamic Stress Wave Collision Regions in Bench Blasting. Thesis and Dissertations—Mining Engineering, University of Kentucky, US

  21. Rossmanith H 2003 The mechanics and physics of electronic blasting In: Proceedings of the 33rd Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. ISEE, Nashville, vol. 1, pp. 83–102

  22. Yamamoto M, Ichijo T, Inabe T, Morooka K and Kaneko K 1999 Experimental and theoretical study on smooth blasting with electronic delay detonators. Fragblast 3: 3–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rosenstock W 2004 Advanced electronic blasting technology, ABET: Breaking 3,205,000 tonnes of ore within a millisecond. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference on Explosives & Blasting Technique, International Society of Explosives Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. 1–4 Feb.

  24. Mckinstry R, Floyd J and Bartley D 2002 Electronic detonator performance evaluation. The Journal of Explosives Engineering, pp 12–22

  25. Hettinger, M R 2015 The effects of short delay times on rock fragmentation in bench blasts, Masters Theses, Missouri University of Science and Technology Missouri, United state http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7466

  26. Hagan T N 1983 The influence of controllable blast parameters on fragmentation and mining costs. In: Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Lulea, Sweden, pp. 31–51

  27. Cox N and Cotton P 1995 Improvements in quarry blasting cost-effectiveness. In: International Society of Explosives Engineers—Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, pp 78–92

  28. Brinkmann J R 1987 Separating shock wave and gas expansion breakage mechanism. In: International Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, pp. 6–15.

  29. Stagg M S and Rholl A S 1987 Effects of accurate delays in fragmentation for single-row blasting in a 6.7 m bench, In: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Keystone, Colorado, pp. 210–223

  30. Floyd J 2002 Efficient Blasting Techniques. Blast Dynamics. Colorado, USA

  31. Konya C J and Walter E J 1991 Rock blasting and overbreak control. United States Department of Transportation, McLean, (No. FHWA-HI-92-001; NHI-13211), US

  32. Gate W C B, Ortiz L T and Florez R M 2005 Analysis of rockfall and blasting backbreak problems, US 550, Molas Pass, CO. In: Proceedings of the 40th US symposium on rock mechanics, ARMA/USRMS, Anchorage, Alaska, pp 671–680

  33. Jenkins S S 1981 Adjusting blast design for best results. In: Pit and Quarry, Rotterdam

  34. Monjezi M and Dehghani H 2008 Evaluation of the effect of blasting pattern parameters on backbreak using neural networks. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 45: 1446–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rustan A, Cunningham C, Fourney W, Simha K Y R and A Spathis 2011 Rock Mechanics, Drilling and Blasting Mining and Rock Construction Technology Desk Reference, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sanchidria J A, Segarra P and Lopez L M A 2005 Practical procedure for the measurement of fragmentation by blasting by image analysis. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 39(4): 359–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cunningham C V B 1996 Keynote address: Optical fragmentation assessment-a technical challenge. Frankl. Katsabanis 43: 13–19

    Google Scholar 

  38. Busuyi, AFENI Thomas 2009 Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open pit min the SOMAIR experience. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 19: 0736–0739

    Google Scholar 

  39. Maerz N H, Palangio T C and Franklin J A 1996 WipFrag image based granulometry system. In: Proceedings of the FRAGBLAST 5 Workshop on Measurement of Blast Fragmentation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 23–24 Aug., pp. 91–99

  40. Maerz N and Zhou W 2000 Calibration of optical digital fragmentation measuring systems. Int. J. Blast Fragment 4(2): 126–138

    Google Scholar 

  41. Latham J P, Kemeny J, Maerz N, Noy M, Schleifer J and Tose S 2003 A blind comparison between results of four image analysis systems using a photo-library of piles of sieved fragments. Fragblast, 7(2): 105–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anurag Agrawal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Choudhary, B.S., Agrawal, A. & Arora, R. Stemming material and Inter-row delay timing effect on blast results in limestone mines. Sādhanā 46, 23 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01552-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01552-6

Keywords

Navigation