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A comparative study on temperature and water potential thresholds for the germination of Betula pendula and two Mediterranean endemic birches, Betula aetnensis and Betula fontqueri

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2021

V. Ranno Open the ORCID record for V. Ranno [Opens in a new window] ,
C. Blandino  and
G. Giusso del Galdo
V. Ranno*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Catania, Corso Italia 57, 95129Catania, Italy
C. Blandino
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Catania, Corso Italia 57, 95129Catania, Italy
G. Giusso del Galdo
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Catania, Corso Italia 57, 95129Catania, Italy
*
Author for Correspondence: V. Ranno, E-mail: veronicaranno@gmail.com
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Abstract

The influence of temperature and water availability on seed germination can vary across the geographic range of species with a large distribution. Betula pendula is a widely spread European tree that has differentiated into two narrowly distributed taxa, endemic to Mediterranean mountains: Betula aetnensis in Sicily and B. fontqueri in Spain and Morocco. We tested the hypothesis that the regeneration niche, expressed by temperature and water potential thresholds, varies across these species and is influenced by the local climate. Seeds were collected from six populations of B. pendula, one of B. fontqueri and two of B. aetnensis. Germination tests were conducted between 5 and 30°C. The thermal thresholds were calculated before and after cold stratification. The osmotic potential tested ranged from 0 to −1.5 MPa. Time to reach 30 and 50% of germination was calculated by fitting non-linear models. Germination was promoted by high temperatures, but the response to stratification was heterogeneous. Tb and Ψb differed between and within species. Tb ranged between 2.22 and 8.94°C for unstratified seeds. Mediterranean species had higher drought tolerance, while B. pendula showed contrasting responses to low water potential. Ψb reached a minimum value of −1.15 MPa in B. fontqueri. High temperatures influenced the Tb of unstratified seeds negatively, while, after stratification, the Tb increased with precipitation in the driest month. The heterogeneity observed could reflect higher genetic variability in marginal populations of silver birch. Knowledge of their germination ecology may be useful to mitigate future impacts of climate change on core populations of B. pendula.

Keywords

base temperaturebase water potentialBetula sspcomparative germination ecologyendemic speciesregeneration nicheseed germination
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 30 , Special Issue 4: Functional Seed Ecology , December 2020 , pp. 249 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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