Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular markers for authentification of Allium sativum L. cultivar ‘Taicangbaisuan’ and genetic relationships among 9 Chinese garlic cultivars

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a traditional crop that has long been valued worldwide as food, condiment and medicine. Morphology-based authentication can hardly distinguish one garlic cultivar from other cultivars; however, the molecular markers for the identification of different garlic germplasms are yet to be investigated. The present study aimed to establish a reliable method that can specifically recognise ‘Taicangbaisuan’, a unique landrace in Jiangsu Province, China. We collected nine prevalent accessions of Chinese garlic cultivars, determined the discriminative ability of four DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH, nad1 and alliinase) among these cultivars and reconstructed their genetic relationships using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Our results revealed that the nucleotide substitutions of matK, psbA-trnH and nad1 could just divide these cultivars into two groups, while variable sites of alliinase could specifically identify ‘Taicangbaisuan’ from the other eight cultivars. Genetic relationship analysis based on ISSR markers indicated that these nine cultivars grouped into two main clusters that showed high accordance with morphological and agricultural characteristics, suggesting they may have been domesticated from two different ancestors. A unique band of ‘Taicangbaisuan’ was found in the products of ISSR-811 primer and a specific ISSR-SCAR marker was developed successfully according to this unique allele to authenticate ‘Taicangbaisuan’ from related garlic cultivars. The authentication method proposed in this study will be useful in the protection of excellent garlic germplasms and could serve as a reference for the molecular identification of other crops.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • CBOL Plant Working Group (2009) A DNA barcode for land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:12794–12797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SX, Chen WF, Shen XQ, Yang YT, Fei Q, Liu Y, Meng HW (2014) Analysis of the genetic diversity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by simple sequence repeat and inter simple sequence repeat analysis and agro-morphological traits. Biochem Syst Ecol 55:260–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Zhou HT, Yang ZW, Pan W, Lin P (2005) Assessment of genetic diversity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by the technique of molecular marker. J Xiamen Univ 44:144–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunha CP, Hoogerheide ES, Zucchi MI, Monteiro M, Pinheiro JB (2012) New microsatellite markers for garlic, Allium sativum (Alliaceae). Am J Bot 99:e17-19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demesure B, Sodzi N, Petit RJ (1995) A set of universal primers for amplification of polymorphic non-coding regions of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA in plants. Mol Ecol 4:129–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong MH, Feng HM, Qiao ZY, Chen PF, Zhang Q, Liu FJ (2012) High yield and quality cultivation techniques of Taicang white garlic after rice cropping. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology 13:87

    Google Scholar 

  • Etoh T (1985) Studies on the sterility in garlic, Allium sativum L. Mem Fac Agric (Kagoshima Univ) 21:77–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Etoh T, Simon PW (2002) Diversity, fertility and seed production of garlic. In: Rabinowitch HD, Currah L (eds) Advances in allium science. CABI Publishing, New York, pp 101–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Endo A, Imai Y, Nakamura M, Yanagisawa E, Taguchi T, Torii K, Okumura H, Ichinose K (2014) Distinct intraspecific variations of garlic (Allium sativum L.) revealed by the exon-intron sequences of the alliinase gene. J Nat Med 68:442–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan ZC, Lu GY, Du HF (1997) Study on ecotype classification of garlic varieties. Acta Phytoecol Sin 21:169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng HM, Zhang YM (1991) A famous local variety of garlic with high quality-Taicang garlic. Seed World 5:31

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao JC, Cheng ZH (2014) Comparsion of volatile flavor components in different organs of several garlic cultivars. Food Sci 35:202–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn G (1996) History, folk medicine and legendary uses of garlic. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD (eds) Garlic, the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L and related species, 2nd edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipek M, Ipek A, Simon PW (2003) Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD markers, and isozymes for diversity assessment of garlic and detection of putative duplicates in germplasm collections. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 128:246–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ipek M, Ipek A, Senalik D, Simon PW (2007) Characterization of an unusual cytoplasmic chimera detected in bolting garlic clones. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 132:664–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbes N, Geoffriau E, Clerc V, Dridi B, Hannechi C (2011) Inter simple sequence repeat fingerprints for assess genetic diversity of Tunisian garlic populations. J of Agri Sci (Toronto) 3:77–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Rodrigues V, Mishra P, Baskaran K, Shukla AK, Shasany AK, Sundaresan V (2017) ISSR-derived species-specific SCAR marker for rapid and accurate authentication of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Planta Med. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-116853

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lampasona SG, Burba JL, Simon PW (2010) Molecular markers: Are they really useful to detect genetic variability in local garlic collections? The American Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 4:104–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Li AL, Yu GM, Wu JJ, Jiang X, Chen LH, (2017) The impact of colchicine with different concentraton on the growth of Taicang white garlic. Shaanxi J Agric Sci 63:37–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Nudin NFH, Ali AM, Ngah N, Mazlan NZ, Mat N, Ghani MNA, Alias N, Zakaria AJ, Jahan MS (2017) ISSR marker-assisted genetic diversity analysis of Dioscorea hispida and selection of the best variety for sustainable production. C R Biologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ovesná J, Kučera L, Horníčková J, Svobodová L, Stavĕlíková H, Velíšek J, Milella L (2011) Diversity of S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxide content within a collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its association with the morphological and genetic background assessed by AFLP. Sci Hortic 129:541–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ovesná J, Mitrová K, Kučera L (2015) Garlic (Allium sativum L.) alliinase gene family polymorphism reflects bolting types and cysteine sulphoxides content. BMC Genet 16:53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (2000) NTSYS-pc2.1. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.1. http://www.exetersoftware.com/cat/ntsyspc/ntsyspc.html

  • Ryzhova NN, Kholda OA, Kochieva EZ (2011) Variability of nad1 b/c intron in Allium sativum. Dokl Biochem Biophys 436:35–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sang T, Crawford D, Stuessy T (1997) Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution, and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae). Am J Bot 848:1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma VR, Malik S, Kumar M, Sirohi A, Nagaraju K (2016) Assessment of genetic diversity in garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes based on ISSR markers. Plant Arch 16:88–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen XL, Zhang YM, Xue JY, Li MM, Lin YB, Sun XQ, Hang YY (2016) Analysis of genetic diversity of Brassica rapa var. chinensis using ISSR markers and development of SCAR marker specific for Fragrant Bok choy, a product of geographic indication. Genet Mol Res 15:1–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen XL, Zhang YM, Lei Z, Lin YB, Cao MX, Hang YY, Sun XQ (2018) Genetic relationships among 11 nonheading Chinese cabbage accessions and the SCAR marker specific for ‘Suzhouqing.’ Hortic Sci 53:1288–1293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sho H, Mostafa A, Naoki Y, Masayoshi S (2016) Diversity evaluation based on morphological, physiological and isozyme variation in genetic resources of garlic (Allium sativum L.) collected worldwide. Genes Genet Syst 91:161–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvia P, Matteo P, Luana B, Luca Z, Angelo AD (2019) Geographical discrimination of garlic (Allium Sativum L.) based on Stable isotope ratio analysis coupled with statistical methods: the Italian case study. Food Chem Toxicol. 134:110862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh L, Kaul V, Gohil RN (2014) Analysis of morphological variability in the Indian germplasm of Allium sativum L. Plant Syst Evol 300:245–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725–2729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HP, Simon PW, Li XX, Cheng JQ, Shen D, Song JP, Qiu Y, Zhang XH (2012) Diversity and genetic structure of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm resource in China. Sci Agric Sin 45:3318–3329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. QJ Li and Henan Vocational College of Agriculture for providing some of the samples analysed in this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System (Grant No. JATS (2019) 111) to XLS and Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20180316) to MC.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Seed Administrative Station of Suzhou, Suzhou, China

    Xuelin Shen & Minxu Cao

  2. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China

    Xiaoqin Sun, Yanmei Zhang, Yueyu Hang & Min Chen

Authors
  1. Xuelin Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiaoqin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Minxu Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanmei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yueyu Hang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Min Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Min Chen.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary informations

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 19 kb)

Fig. s1

Aligned sequences of alliinase download from NCBI showing primers designed in this study in red boxes (pdf 42 kb)

Fig. s2

Nucleotide matrix of matK of nine garlic cultivars (pdf 53 kb)

Fig. s3

Nucleotide matrix of psbA-trnH of nine garlic cultivars (pdf 41 kb)

Fig. s4

Nucleotide matrix of nad1 of nine garlic cultivars (pdf 167 kb)

Fig. s5

Nucleotide matrix of alliinase of nine garlic cultivars (pdf 47 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shen, X., Sun, X., Cao, M. et al. Molecular markers for authentification of Allium sativum L. cultivar ‘Taicangbaisuan’ and genetic relationships among 9 Chinese garlic cultivars. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 1961–1970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01109-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01109-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation