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Geoenvironmental Study of Gold Mining Tailings in a Circular Economy Context: Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Eine geoökologische Studie über Goldbergbauschlämme im Kontext der Kreislaufwirtschaft – Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Brasilien

Estudio geoambiental de los relaves de la minería de oro en un contexto económico circular—Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais, Brasil

循环经济背景下金矿尾矿的地质环境研究-巴西 (Minas Gerais) Santa Barbara尾矿

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Abstract

We characterized the tailings from the Santa Barbara tailings dam, which is located in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, to: (i) identify its chemical, mineralogical, and metallurgical properties, and (ii) perform an environmental evaluation of the water at the surface of the tailings facility. The potential recovery of elements such as Sb, As, and Au was also considered for potential tailings reuse. The water was alkaline, with maximum pH values of ≈ 10, and contained potentially toxic elements, such as Sb (up to 0.500 mg/L), As (up to 0.080 mg/L), and Cu (up to 20 mg/L). Gold enrichment areas were found in the tailings dam, with concentrations up to 0.5 g/t. Alignment exists among tailings management, demand for critical raw materials, and increased interest in the processing of low-grade ores and mining waste, which is important in the context of the circular economy. They suggest that valorisation of tailings, although challenging, can be achieved by economic recovery of the more valuable metals.

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Schlamm im Absetzbecken des Santa-Barbara-Damms im Bundesstaat Minas Gerais im Südosten Brasiliens untersucht. Ziel war (i) die Identifikation seiner chemischen, mineralogischen metallurgischen Eigenschaften und (ii) eine Bewertung des Wassers an der Oberfläche der Absetzanlage im Hinblick auf Umweltfaktoren durchzuführen. Die Rückgewinnung von Elementen wie Antimon, Arsen und Gold wurde bei einer Wiederverwendung des Schlamms in Betracht gezogen. Das untersuchte Wasser war alkalisch mit maximalen pH-Werten von ≈ 10 und enthielt potentiell toxische Stoffe wie Antimon (bis zu 0,5 mg/L), Arsen (bis zu 0,08 mg/L) und Kupfer (bis zu 20 mg/L). Im Damm des Absetzbeckens wurden Goldanreicherungszonen mit Konzentrationen bis zu 0,5 g/t vorgefunden. Im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft ist es wichtig, die Nachfrage nach seltenen Rohstoffen durch die Aufbereitung von minderwertigen Erzen und Bergbauabfällen aus der Schlammentsorgung zu bedienen. Somit kann eine Wertsteigerung der Schlämme durch die wirtschaftliche Rückgewinnung wertvollerer Metalle erreicht werden

Resumen

Se caracterizaron los residuos del dique de colas de Santa Bárbara, que se encuentra en Minas Gerais, en el sudeste de Brasil, con el objetivo de: (i) identificar sus propiedades químicas, mineralógicas y metalúrgicas, y (ii) realizar una evaluación ambiental del agua en la superficie de la instalación de colas. También se consideró la posible recuperación de elementos como Sb, As y Au para una posible reutilización de los relaves. El agua era alcalina, con valores máximos de pH de ≈ 10, y contenía elementos potencialmente tóxicos, como Sb (hasta 0,500 mg/L), As (hasta 0,080 mg/L) y Cu (hasta 20 mg/L). Se encontraron áreas de enriquecimiento de oro en el dique de colas, con concentraciones de hasta 0,5 g/t. Existe una situación de alineamiento entre el manejo de los relaves, la demanda de materias primas críticas y el aumento del interés en el procesamiento de minerales de baja calidad y residuos mineros, lo que es importante en el contexto de la economía circular. Esto sugiere la valorización de los relaves que, aunque es un desafío, puede lograrse mediante la recuperación económica de los metales más valiosos

综合逐步判别法识别矿井含水层组水源

刻画了巴西东南Minas Gerais州Santa Barbara尾矿坝内尾矿, 旨在: (i) 识别尾矿化学、矿物和冶金特性; (ii) 进行尾矿设施表层水的环境评价。同时, 考虑了从尾矿回收Sb、As和Au的再利用潜力。水呈碱性, pH值最大值≈大碱, 含有有毒元素, 例如Sb (至0.500 mg/L) 、As (至0.080 mg/L) 和Cu (至20mg/L) 。发现了尾矿坝内金矿富集区, 浓度可达0.5 g/t。尾矿管理、关键原料需求和低品位矿石与固体废矿处理兴趣的增长具有一致性, 它对循环经济至关重要。这些表明, 虽然尾矿价值评估具有挑战性, 但可以通过更有价值金属的经济回收来实现。

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Fig. 1

modified from Alkmin et al. 1998; Ruchkys et al. 2013; Porto 2008); and c sampled area (SIRGAS2000 – 14–06-2019)

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through projects UIDB/04683/2020, UIDP/04683/2020, Nano-MINENV 029259 (PTDC/CTA-AMB/29259/2017), and by AngloGold Ashanti Brazil. We thank our colleagues from the ICT, microscopy center from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CM-UFMG), and AngloGold Ashanti who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research. The authors are also deeply grateful to Professor Rafael Rubio, the editorial staff, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions

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Lemos, M.G., Valente, T., Marinho-Reis, A.P. et al. Geoenvironmental Study of Gold Mining Tailings in a Circular Economy Context: Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mine Water Environ 40, 257–269 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-021-00754-6

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