Abstract
Salinity in soil and irrigation water is a major environmental stress in arid and semi-arid regions affecting soil organic carbon and its pools. A pot experiment was carried out in India to investigate distribution of soil carbon and its dynamic pools and nutrients under saline water irrigation in seed spice crops. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties (pH1:2, EC1:2), soil carbon (inorganic and organic), its pools (vey labile, labile, less labile and non-labile), and soil nutrients. Soil pH and EC varied between 7.70–8.72 and 0.45–8.25 dS m−1, respectively. Soil organic carbon and total soil carbon were higher by 15.2 and 22.4% with alternate application of saline and fresh water compared with continuous application of saline or fresh water and increased the less labile and non-labile carbon pools. Alternate application of saline and fresh water increased both the active and passive pools of carbon. Calcium carbonate and inorganic carbon were decreased by 35% with the continuous application of saline and fresh water. Similarly, alternate application of saline and fresh water increased carbon stock, carbon management index, and carbon pool index compared with sole application of fresh or saline water. Available nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium varied from 310 to 629 kg ha−1, 39 to 87 kg ha−1, and 87 to 430 kg ha−1, respectively. Micronutrients were found to be highest with alternate application of saline and fresh water. Zinc, iron, manganese, and copper varied from 2.66 to 5.24, 2.64 to 6.67, 4.60 to 13.07, and 1.36 to 3.66 mg kg−1 soil, respectively. Alternate application of saline and fresh water helps in the build-up of soil carbon while maintaining the soil nutrient pools compared to sole application of saline or fresh water application.
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Abbreviations
- CFW0-H :
-
Continuous fresh water irrigation
- SW0–30FWH :
-
0–30 DAS saline water irrigation followed by fresh water irrigation till harvest
- FW0–30SW31–60FWH :
-
0–30 DAS fresh water irrigation, 31–60 DAS saline water irrigation followed by fresh water irrigation till harvest
- FW0-60SW61-90FWH:
-
0–60 DAS fresh water irrigation, 61–90 DAS saline water irrigation, beyond 91 DAS to till harvest fresh water irrigation
- FW0–90SW91-120FWH:
-
0–90 DAS fresh water irrigation, 91–120 DAS saline water irrigation, then fresh water irrigation till harvest
- FW0–120SW121–150 :
-
0–120 DAS fresh water irrigation, 121–150 DAS saline water irrigation
- CSW0-H :
-
Continuous saline water irrigation
- SOC:
-
Soil organic carbon
- EC:
-
Electrical conductivity
- BD:
-
Bulk density
- CS:
-
Carbon stock
- VL:
-
Very labile carbon
- L:
-
Labile carbon
- LL:
-
Less labile carbon
- NL:
-
Non labile carbon
- TC:
-
Total carbon
- LI:
-
Lability index
- AP:
-
Active pool carbon
- PP:
-
Passive pool carbon
- RI1:
-
Recalcitrance index 1
- RI2:
-
Recalcitrance index 2
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Fe:
-
Iron
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- TOC:
-
Total organic carbon
- CPI:
-
Carbon pool index
- CMI:
-
Carbon management index
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Acknowledgments
Authors are grateful to the Director, ICAR-CSSRI for providing the facilities to conduct the research (PME Cell Reference No. Research Article/151/2020). We thank Mr. Jagdish Arora for maintaining the experiment. Help received from Mr. Kartar Singh during soil analysis is gratefully acknowledged. The first author is also thankful to the Head, Department of Soil, PAU, Ludhiana for allowing her to do the training at ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. We would like to thank the EIC, AE, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
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SC collected and analyzed soil samples and prepared the first draft. AD planned the work and helped in data analysis and revised the Ms. RKY conceptualized and maintained the experiment and gave inputs during revision while GSD helped in micronutrient analysis and revised the manuscript.
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Chandel, S., Datta, A., Yadav, R.K. et al. Does Saline Water Irrigation Influence Soil Carbon Pools and Nutrient Distribution in Soil under Seed Spices?. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 949–966 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00413-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00413-3