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Arsenic toxicity in livestock growing in arsenic endemic and control sites of West Bengal: risk for human and environment

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Abstract

The present study aims to estimate geochemical arsenic toxicity in the domestic livestock and possible risk for human and environment caused by them. Daily dietary arsenic intake of an exposed adult cow or bull is nearly 4.56 times higher than control populace and about 3.65 times higher than exposed goats. Arsenic toxicity is well exhibited in all the biomarkers through different statistical interpretations. Arsenic bioconcentration is faster through water compared to paddy straw and mostly manifested in faeces and tail hair in cattle. Cow dung and tail hair are the most pronounced pathways of arsenic biotransformation into environment. A considerable amount of arsenic has been observed in animal proteins such as cow milk, boiled egg yolk, albumen, liver and meat from the exposed livestock. Cow milk arsenic is mostly accumulated in casein (83%) due to the presence of phosphoserine units. SAMOE–risk thermometer, calculated for the most regularly consumed foodstuffs in the area, shows the human health risk in a distinct order: drinking water > rice grain > cow milk > chicken > egg > mutton ranging from class 5 to 1. USEPA health risk assessment model reveals more risk in adults than in children, subsisting severe cancer risk from the foodstuffs where the edible animal proteins cannot be ignored. Therefore, the domestic livestock should be urgently treated with surface water, while provision of both arsenic-free drinking water and nutritional supplements is mandatory for the affected human population to overcome the severe arsenic crisis situation.

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the help of ‘field workers’, local farmers and villagers for collection and provide the required samples and related information to carry forward the study. Financial supports from “Department of Science & Technology’, Government of West Bengal (research project grant Memo No. 262(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-64/2017, dated 25/3/2018), and Inter-University Research Project, RUSA (R-11/1092/19, dated 06/08/2019) are highly acknowledged.

Funding

This research was funded by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of West Bengal (Research Project Grant Memo No. 262(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-64/2017, dated 25/3/2018), and Inter-University Research Project, RUSA (R-11/1092/19, dated 06/08/2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700070, India

    Antara Das, Madhurima Joardar, Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury, Ayan De, Deepanjan Mridha & Tarit Roychowdhury

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  1. Antara Das
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  2. Madhurima Joardar
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  3. Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury
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  4. Ayan De
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  5. Deepanjan Mridha
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  6. Tarit Roychowdhury
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Contributions

Antara Das was involved in Research planning, analytical work, statistical presentation, initial draft preparation and revision work. Madhurima Joardar was involved in analysis, statistical presentation and draft checking. Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury was involved in statistical presentation and draft checking. Deepanjan Mridha was involved in statistical presentation and draft checking. Ayan De was involved in field survey, collection of samples and information from fields. Tarit Roychowdhury overall supervised the entire research study and manuscript revision.

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Correspondence to Tarit Roychowdhury.

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The health guideline for animal experiment has been followed and all procedures performed in this study involving animal participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institute.

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Das, A., Joardar, M., Chowdhury, N.R. et al. Arsenic toxicity in livestock growing in arsenic endemic and control sites of West Bengal: risk for human and environment. Environ Geochem Health 43, 3005–3025 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00808-2

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