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Subsurface nutrient modelling using finite element model under Boro rice cropping system

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Abstract

Boro rice, an emerging low-risk crop variety of rice, cultivated using residual or stored water after Kharif season. To enhance the quality and production of rice, potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) are the common constituents of agricultural fertilizers. However, excess application of fertilizers causes leaching of nutrients and contaminates the groundwater system. Therefore, assessment and optimization of fertilizer dose are needed for better management of fertilizers. Towards this, the present study determines the path, persistence, and mobility of K and P under the Boro rice cropping system. The experimental site consisted of four plots having Boro rice with four different fertilizer doses of nitrogen (N), P, K viz. 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose. Disturbed soil samples were analysed for K and P from pre-sown land to tillering stage at 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm depths. Simultaneously, K and available P were also simulated in the subsurface soil layers through the HYDRUS-1D model. The statistical comparisons were made with RMSER, E, and PBIAS between the modelled values and laboratory-measured values. Although, the results showed that all the treatments considered had agreeable simulations for both K and P, the K simulations were found to be better as compared to P simulations except for 25% where P simulations outperformed K. The simulated concentration at all doses was found most appropriate when measured for the subsurface layers (up to 45 cm), while showed an underestimation in the bottom layers (45–60 cm) of soil.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the University Grant Commission for financial support. Authors are also thankful for SAP funding provided by UGC to the Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. The authors also acknowledge Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University for providing the necessary laboratory support for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Remote Sensing Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Ayushi Gupta & Prashant K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Geology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Manika Gupta

  3. DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Prashant K. Srivastava

  4. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Avijit Sen & Ram Kumar Singh

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  1. Ayushi Gupta
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Correspondence to Prashant K. Srivastava.

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Gupta, A., Gupta, M., Srivastava, P.K. et al. Subsurface nutrient modelling using finite element model under Boro rice cropping system. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 11837–11858 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01144-8

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