Abstract
Key message
Landscape changes due to urbanization are reflected in the wood anatomy of Atlantic Forest species.
Abstract
Human activities have generated environmental alterations worldwide. Such impacts affect the development of trees and are related to a series of changes in wood anatomy. Thus, the analysis of wood can increase the understanding of how environmental alterations influence the hydraulic functioning of trees and their strategies for dealing with fluctuations in resources. To better understand how the modification of the landscape by anthropic actions can affect tree species, this work describes and compares the anatomical structure of Guarea guidonia, an evergreen species native to the Atlantic Forest, growing in a well-preserved forest, a peri-urban forest and an urban park in the Rio de Janeiro State. Wood samples from trees of each of these areas were analysed using optical microscopy and data were statistically compared among sites. Significant differences were observed among trees of different sites, such as smaller vessel element diameter, wider bands of axial parenchyma and wider rays in the urban park and greater frequency of fibres in the well-preserved forest. Guarea guidonia showed intraspecific variation related to the urbanization of the city of Rio de Janeiro, with a gradient of adaptations observed in relation to the proximity to the urban centre. The wood anatomy reflects the tissue reparation of the trees and indicates this species as bioindicator for biomonitoring studies.
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The data presented in this study can be made available by the corresponding author upon justified request.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Marcelo F. Castilhori and João Victor S. Castellar for the technical assistance and the employees of the Tinguá Biological Reserve; Pedra Branca State Park, Walter Nasseh of Quinta da Boa Vista Park, to the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente [E-07/002. 104921/208] and to the SisBio – Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade [21306-1] for autorizing research in the areas of environmental protection. To Dr. Gabriel U. A. Santos by the valuable revision of the manuscript and Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro for supporting research and logistical assistance.
Funding
This study was financed by Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ: Program Scholarship E-26/202.616/2018 and financial support E-26/ 101.459/2010] and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq: research grant 309080/2019-3].
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da Silva, D.B., de Vasconcellos, T.J. & Callado, C.H. Effects of urbanization on the wood anatomy of Guarea guidonia, an evergreen species of the Atlantic Forest. Trees 37, 99–110 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02080-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02080-w