Abstract
Drought stress often impairs growth and yield of finger millets worldwide. The present study investigated the drought stress responses in four indigenous finger millets (Gangabali, Dengsameli, Kada and Badu) of Koraput compared to one improved variety (Bhairabi) under simulated drought condition at the early growth stage. The physiological and biochemical responses of indigenous finger millets were assessed through chlorophyll fluorescence technique, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants, proline, protein and lipid peroxidation. The results showed that drought treatment significantly declined the photosystem (PS) II activity by declining the maximal fluorescence, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transport rate and photochemical quenching with concomitant increase in minimum fluorescence and non-photosynthetic quenching compared to the respective control plants. Further, the present finding indicates that finger millet leaves responded to PEG-induced drought stress by significantly enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. The proline accumulation was increased with increasing concentration of drought, which suggests that plants’ ability to resist the effect of drought. Based on the phenotypic response under drought stress, indigenous finger millet genotypes such as Gangabali and Badu showed superior drought tolerance capacity than the improved genotype (Bhairabi) during seedling stages. Overall, the results suggest that these indigenous finger millet genotypes may be beneficial for rainfed areas affected by drought stresses and can be used for future breeding programs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anjum SA, Xie XY, Wang LC, Saleem MF, Man C, Lei W (2011) Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. Afr J Agric Res 6(9):2026–2032
Arora A, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC (2002) Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Curr Sci 82(10):1227–1238
Athar H, Khan A, Ashraf M (2008) Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat. Environ Exp Bot 63:224–231
Badigannavar A, Teme N, de Oliveira AC, Li G, Vaksmann M, Viana VE, Ganapathi TR, Sarsu F (2018) Physiological, genetic and molecular basis of drought resilience in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench]. Indian J Plant Physiol 23:670–688
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207
Batra NG, Kumari N, Sharma V (2016) Photosynthetic performance of Ocimum santum morphotypes in a semiarid region. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 22(3):211–224
Bhatt D, Negi M, Sharma P, Saxena SC, Dobriyal AK, Arora S (2011) Responses to drought induced oxidative stress in five finger millet varieties differing in their geographical distribution. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 17(4):347–353
Cakmak I, Marschner H (1992) Magnesium deficiency and highlight intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol 98:1222–1227
Dass A, Sudhishri S (2010) Intercropping in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) with pulses for enhanced productivity, resource conservation and soil fertility in uplands of southern Orissa. Indian J Agron 55(2):89–94
Dass A, Sudhishri S, Lenka NK, Pantaik US (2011) Runoff capture through vegetative barriers and planting methodologies to reduce erosion, and improve soil moisture, fertility and crop productivity in southern Orissa, India. Nutr Cycling Agroecosyst 89:45–57
Dass A, Sudhisri S, Lenka NK (2013) Integrated nutrient management to improve finger millet productivity and soil conditions in hilly regions of eastern India. J Crop Improv 27:528–546
Demirevska K, Zasheva D, Dimitrov R, Simova-Stoilova L, Stamenova M, Feller U (2009) Drought stress effects on Rubisco in wheat: changes in the Rubisco large subunit. Acta Physiol Plant 31(6):1129–1138
Faize M, Burgos L, Faize L, Piqueras A, Nicolas E, Barba-Espin G, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Alcobendas R, Artlip T, Hernandez JA (2011) Involvement of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase for improved tolerance against drought stress. J Exp Bot 62(8):2599–2613
Fertilizer Association of India (FAI) (2011) Fertilizer statistics 2010–11. Fertilizer Association ofIndia, New Delhi, India
Fu WG, Li PP, Wu YY (2012) Effects of different light intensities on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield in lettuce. Sci Hortic 135:45–51
Gajewska E, Skłodowska M (2008) Differential biochemical responses of wheat shoots and roots to nickel stress:antioxidative reactions and proline accumulation. Plant Growth Regul 54:179–188
Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK (1977) Superoxide dismutases: occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol 115:159–169
Gomes FP, Oliva MA, Mielke MS, Almeida AAF, Aquino LA (2010) Osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation and cell membrane stability in leaves of Cocos nucifera submitted to drought stress. Sci Hortic 126:379–384
Gupta SM, Arora S, Mirza N, Pande A, Lata C, Puranik S, Kumar J, Kumar A (2017) Finger millet: a “certain” crop for an “uncertain” future and a solution to food insecurity and hidden hunger under stressful environments. Front Plant Sci 8:643
Hazrati S, Tahmasebi-Sarvestani Z, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Nicola S (2016) Effects of water stress and light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and pigments of Aloe vera L. Plant Physiol Biochem 106:141–148
Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198
Koffler BE, Ebengreuth NL, Stabentheiner E, Muller M, Zechmann B (2014) Compartment specific response of antioxidants to drought stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 227:133–144
Krause HM, Weis E (1991) Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annu Rev Plant Physiol PlantMol Biol 42:313–349
Liu C, Liu Y, Guo K, Dayong FD, Li G, Zheng Y, Yu L, Yang R (2011) Effect of drought onpigments, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in six woody plant species in karst habitats of southwestern China. Environ Exp Bot 71:174–183
Liu ZJ, Zhang XL, Bai JG, Suo BX, Xu PL, Wang L (2009) Exogenous paraquat changes antioxidant enzymeactivities and lipid peroxidation in drought-stressed cucumber leaves. Sci Hortic 121:138–143
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NL, Farr AL, Randall RI (1951) Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J BiolChem 193:265–275
Lu HB, Qiao YM, Gong XC, Li HQ, Zhang Q, Zhao ZH, Meng LL (2015) Influence of drought stress on thephotosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of hybrid millet. Photosynthetica 53:306–311
Lum MS, Hanafi MM, Rafii YM, Akmar ASN (2014) Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. J Anim Plant Sci 24(5):1487–1493
Lüttge U, Duarte HM, Scaranom FR, Mattos EA, de Cavalin PO, Franco AC, Fernandes GW (2007) Physiologicalecology of photosynthesis of five species of Velloziaceae in the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, MinasGerais, Brazil. Flora 202:637–646
Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence practical guide. J Exp Bot 51:659–668
Mishra SS, Panda D (2017) Leaf traits and antioxidant defense for drought tolerance during early growth stage insome popular traditional rice landraces from Koraput. India Rice Sci 24(4):207–217
Mishra S, Chaudhury SS (2012) Ethnobotanical flora used by four major tribes of Koraput, Odisha. India Genet Resour Crop Evol 59(5):793–804
Mohammadkhani N, Heidari R (2007) Effects of water stress on respiration, photosynthetic pigments and watercontent in two maize cultivars. Pak J Biol Sci 10(22):4022–4028
Mohammed HA, Alshalmani SK, Abdellatif AG (2013) Antioxidant and quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoids of three halophytic plants growing in Libya. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2(3):89–94
Mukami A, Ngetich A, Mweu C, Oduor RO, Muthangya M, Mbinda WM (2019) Differential characterization of physiological and biochemical responses during drought stress in finger millet varieties. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 25:837–846
Mundada PS, Nikam TD, Kumar SA, Umdale SD, Ahire ML (2020) Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) genotypes to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101488
Murchie EH, Lawson T (2013) Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis: a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications. J Exp Bot 64(13):3983–3998
Nakano Y, Asada K (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 22:867–880
Nayek S, Choudhary IH, Jaishee N, Roy S (2014) Spectro-photometric analysis of chlorophylls andcarotenoids from commonly grown fern species by using various extracting solvents. Res J Chem Sci 4:63–69
Porra RJ (2002) The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for accuratedetermination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Res 73:149–156
Pradhan A, Panda AK, Bhavani RV (2019) Finger millet in tribal farming systems contributes to increased availability of nutritious food at household level: insights from India. Agric Res 8:540–547
Prasad R (2011) Aerobic rice systems. Adv Agron 111:207–247
Qadir M, Quillérou E, Nangia V, Murtaza G, Singh M, Thomas RJ, Drechsel P, Noble AD (2014) Economics of salt-induced land degradation and restoration. Nat Resour Forum 38(4):282–295
Rao MV, Hale BA, Ormrod DP (1995) Amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grownunder high carbon dioxide: role of antioxidant enzymes. Plant Physiol 109:421–432
Sayfzadeh S, Rashidi M (2011) Responses of antioxidant enzymes activities of sugar beet to drought stress. J AgricBiol Sci 6:27–33
Sharma S, Arrora S, Lohani P (2015) Effect of drought on antioxidant system at seedling and vegetative stage of Eleusine coracana. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol 3(4):642–650
Sood P, Singh RK, Prasad M (2019) Millets genetic engineering: the progress made and prospects for thefuture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 37:421–439
Wang Y, Li L, Tang S, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhi H, Jia G, Diao X (2016) Combined small RNA and degradomesequencing to identify miRNAs and their targets in response to drought in foxtail millet. BMC Genet 17:57
Yang PM, Huang QC, Qin GY, Zhao SP, Zhou JG (2014) Different drought-stress responses in photosynthesis andreactive oxygen metabolism between autotetraploid and diploid rice. Photosynthetica 52(2):193–202
Yoshida S, Forno DA, Cock JH, Gomez KA (1976) Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
Acknowledgements
For necessary facilities and useful suggestions, Head of the Department, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources is highly acknowledged.
Funding
This work was supported by Central University of Odisha, Koraput, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
DP and CR designed the experiments, cultivated the plants. CR and PKB performed the measurement of physiological and biochemical traits. DP and SKL analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and provided helpful discussions for the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Panda, D., Rath, C., Behera, P.K. et al. Physiological introspection of leaf photochemical activity and antioxidant metabolism in selected indigenous finger millet genotypes in relation to drought stress. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 49, 607–618 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-021-00132-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-021-00132-6