Baseline
Pollutant transport and residence time of a shallow and narrow coastal lagoon estimated using a numerical model

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112011Get rights and content

Highlights

  • A combination of hydrodynamic and particle tracking models was used.

  • First residence time estimation in Setiu Lagoon.

  • Release location plays a vital role in the determination of pollutant transport.

  • Residence time acted more as a function of tidal than monsoon.

  • River discharges assisted tidal current to reduce the residence time.

Abstract

Setiu Wetland is rapidly developing into an aquaculture and agriculture hub, causing concern about its water quality condition. To address this issue, it is imperative to acquire knowledge of the spatial and temporal distributions of pollutants. Consequently, this study applied combinations of hydrodynamic and particle tracking models to identify the transport behaviour of pollutants and calculate the residence time in Setiu Lagoon. The particle tracking results indicated that the residence time in Setiu Lagoon was highly influenced by the release location, where particles released closer to the river mouth exhibited shorter residence times than those released further upstream. Despite this fact, the pulse of river discharges successfully reduced the residence time in the order of two to twelve times shorter. Under different tidal phases, the residence time during the neap tide was longer regardless of heavy rainfalls, implying the domination of tidal flow in the water renewal within the lagoon.

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

All persons who meet authorship criteria are listed as authors, and all authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication before its appearance in the journal of Marine Pollution

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Zuraini Zainol: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing – original draft. Mohd Fadzil Akhir: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Zuraidah Zainol: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the staff from the Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, especially Mr. Roslan Latif and Mr. Afifi Johari, for their contribution to data collection in this research. This research was supported by the Tuanku Canselor Scholarship (BTC), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.

References (39)

  • P. Rynne et al.

    The effect of tidal exchange on residence time in a coastal embayment

    Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.

    (2016)
  • I. Safak et al.

    Controls on residence time and exchange in a system of shallow coastal bays

    Cont. Shelf Res.

    (2015)
  • R.J. Uncles et al.

    The dependence of estuarine turbidity on tidal intrusion length, tidal range and residence time

    Cont. Shelf Res.

    (2002)
  • D. Yuan et al.

    A modelling study of residence time in a macro-tidal estuary

    Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.

    (2007)
  • Z. Zainol et al.

    Hydrodynamics, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton biomass in a shallow and restricted coastal lagoon under different tidal and monsoonal environmental drivers

    Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci.

    (2020)
  • C. Zarzuelo et al.

    Tidal and subtidal hydrodynamics and energetics in a constricted estuary

    Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.

    (2017)
  • M.F. Akhir

    Surface circulation and temperature distribution of southern South China Sea from global ocean model (OCCAM)

    Sains Malaysiana

    (2012)
  • M.F. Akhir et al.

    Evidence of upwelling along Peninsular Malaysia during southwest monsoon

    Open Journal of Marine Science

    (2015)
  • R.M. Alipiah et al.

    Modelling the impact of aquaculture on Setiu wetland ecosystems using Bayesian Belief Network approach

    Journal of Sustainability Science and Management

    (2017)
  • Cited by (8)

    • Using the roughness height and manning number in hydrodynamic model to estimate the impact of intensive oyster aquaculture by floating & fixed rafts on water exchange with an application in Qinzhou Bay, China

      2023, Ecological Modelling
      Citation Excerpt :

      With the consideration of cultivation drag, the overall current speed during spring tide was slower than those during ebb tide, consistent with other research results through observing monitoring in this same area (Qiu et al., 2003). Moreover, in a semi-enclosed bay like Maohai Bay, the spatial distribution of the half-life time showed a gradual increase trend from the outward open boundary to inward inlet of Bay, matching with other results of previous studies (Dumas et al., 2012; Filgueira et al., 2014b; Zainol et al., 2021). The two-dimensional model established in this study integrating the multiple drag coefficients to quantify the impacts of the oyster cultivation activities on the water exchange capability hang on floated or fixed rafts have been proved to be of reasonable accuracy of approaching actual situation.

    • Tracking of sea level impact on Caspian Ramsar sites and potential restoration of the Gorgan Bay on the southeast Caspian coast

      2023, Science of the Total Environment
      Citation Excerpt :

      Inlet maintenance will improve water quality and prevent the GB from desiccation caused by CSL changes, as observed during the past centuries. In general, more water exchange of the coastal wetlands with the main water body improves the wetlands water quality (García-Oliva et al., 2019; Zainol et al., 2021). The restoration of the coastal wetland in the Dutch Delta improved significantly the wetland ecosystem with an artificially maintained water level (Wijnhoven et al., 2010).

    • Water quality data in a shallow and narrow Setiu Lagoon

      2021, Data in Brief
      Citation Excerpt :

      The presence of vegetated sand islands within the lagoon contributed to the narrow feature of this area (Fig. 1). Despite being shallow and narrow, aquaculture and agriculture activities are growing rapidly within the vicinity of Setiu Lagoon (Fig. 1) [1–3], which introduced pollution that lead to water quality degradation [4,5]. The research samplings for this data were carried out from 6 to 8 of August 2017, 26 to 28 of December 2017 and 11 to 13 February 2018, which represented the southwest monsoon, wet period of northeast monsoon and dry period of northeast monsoon, respectively.

    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text