Skip to main content
Log in

The Polynomials of Prime Virtual Knots of Genus 1 and Complexity at Most 5

  • Published:
Siberian Mathematical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Akimova and Matveev classified the prime virtual knots of genus 1 which admit diagrams with at most 5 classical crossings in 2017. In 2018, Kaur, Prabhakar, and Vesnin introduced the families of the \( L \)- and \( F \)-polynomials of virtual knots generalizing the Kauffman affine index polynomial. We introduce the notion of a totally flat-trivial virtual knot. We prove that the \( L \)- and \( F \)-polynomials for these knots coincide with the affine index polynomial. Also, we establish that all Akimova–Matveev knots are totally flat-trivial and calculate their affine index polynomials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dye H., An Invitation to Knot Theory: Virtual and Classical, Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York (2016). doi 10.1201/9781315370750

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Green J., A Table of Virtual Knots. University of Toronto; https://www.math.toronto.edu/drorbn/Students/GreenJ/. Last updated August 10, 2004.

  3. Akimova A. A. and Matveev S. V., “Classification of genus 1 virtual knots having at most five classical crossings,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 23, no. 6, 1450031 (19 p.) (2014).

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Kauffman L., “An affine index polynomial invariant of virtual knots,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 22, no. 4, 1340007 (2013).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Kauffman L., “Virtual knot cobordism and the affine index polynomial,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 27, no. 11, 1843017 (2018).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaur K., Prabhakar M., and Vesnin A., “Two-variable polynomial invariants of virtual knots arising from flat virtual knot invariants,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 27, no. 13, 1842015 (2018).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Ivanov M. and Vesnin A., “\( F \)-Polynomials of tabulated virtual knots,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 29, no. 8, 2050054 (2020).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Turaev V., “Virtual strings,” Ann. Inst. Fourier, Grenoble, vol. 54, no. 7, 2455–2525 (2004).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Kauffman L., “Virtual knot theory,” European J. Combin., vol. 20, no. 7, 663–691 (1999).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Cheng Z. and Gao H., “A polynomial invariant of virtual links,” J. Knot Theory Ramifications, vol. 22, no. 12, 1341002 (2013).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Satoh S. and Taniguchi K., “The writhes of a virtual knot,” Fund. Math., vol. 225, 327–341 (2014).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Kuperberg G., “What is a virtual knot?,” Algebr. Geom. Topol., vol. 3, 587–591 (2003).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors were supported by the Laboratory of Topology and Dynamics of Novosibirsk State University (Grant 14.Y26.31.0025 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Y. Vesnin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vesnin, A.Y., Ivanov, M.E. The Polynomials of Prime Virtual Knots of Genus 1 and Complexity at Most 5. Sib Math J 61, 994–1001 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S003744662006004X

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003744662006004X

Keywords

UDC

Navigation