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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation of the structural properties and bioactivity of P2O5–CaO–Na2O–TiO2 glass and glass-ceramics synthesized via a novel sol–gel method by acetone and DMF solvents

  • Original Paper: Nano-structured materials (particles, fibers, colloids, composites, etc.)
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This article was retracted on 31 May 2022

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Abstract

Because of the significant effect of the sol–gel method on the glass morphology at the relatively low processing temperature, in the present work, phosphate glass and glass-ceramic nanopowders with the general formula of (P2O5)55–CaO)25–(Na2O)20−x–(TiO2)x, (x = 5, 10, and 15 mol%) have been synthesized via a facile sol–gel method. For this purpose, acetone and dimethylformamide (DMF) have been used as a polar and non-protic solvent. The proportion of triethylphosphate to acetone or DMF has been selected 1:3 that they have been synthesized at 25 °C and pH = 5–6. The glass powders have been dried at 315 °C. Then, the powders synthesized by acetone have been calcined at 500 and 750 °C, and the powders synthesized by DMF have been calcined at 550, 650, and 750 °C. The glass and glass-ceramic nanopowders have been analyzed by several techniques, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Differential thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BET–BJH), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The XRD results have been confirmed the amorphous nature of all glass samples, while after calcination, the samples have been shown the peaks assigned to β-TCP and hydroxyapatite. The SEM images have shown that the synthesized glass and glass-ceramic powders by both acetone and DMF solvents have a particle size below 50 nm and spherical morphology. Also, the glass and glass-ceramic powders, after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days, depicted the formation of hydroxyapatite and carbonated-hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the glass and glass-ceramic powders, respectively.

Highlights

  • Use of acetone and dimethylformamide to synthesize the phosphate glass powders via Sol-gel method.

  • Producing mesoporous and nano-size glass and glass-ceramic powders with both solvent.

  • Showing the appropriate bioactivity in all glass and glass-ceramic powders.

  • No nullify the bioactivity by crystallization of glass powders, Contrary to previous studies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Institute of nanotechnology and biotech center of Urmia University for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Marzieh Jalilpour, Mohammad Rezvani & Mohammad Taghi Hamedani

  2. Faculty of Chemistry of Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Khalil Farhadi

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  1. Marzieh Jalilpour
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Correspondence to Mohammad Rezvani.

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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05855-4"

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Jalilpour, M., Rezvani, M., Hamedani, M.T. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation of the structural properties and bioactivity of P2O5–CaO–Na2O–TiO2 glass and glass-ceramics synthesized via a novel sol–gel method by acetone and DMF solvents. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 97, 213–227 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05401-0

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