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Toxic Dispossession: On the Social Impacts of the Aerial Use of Glyphosate by the Sugarcane Agroindustry in Colombia

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Abstract

Over the last five decades, the total area cultivated with sugarcane in Colombia has increased by 280%. The consolidation of the sugarcane agroindustrial cluster has been based on a process of modernization that has included the aerial spraying of more than 783,442 kg of glyphosate since 2001. The resulting increase in productivity for the sugar mills has been accompanied by what we refer to as “toxic dispossession” of ethnic communities in the Alto Cauca region. This article presents a critical examination of modern-day agroindustrial activities, particularly those pertaining to the chemical maturation of sugarcane, and provides evidence for the environmental and social damage that the industry has generated for rural ethnic communities, whose well-being, livelihoods and traditional territories have deteriorated rapidly.

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Fig. 1

Source: The authors, based on an IGAC cartographic sourceFootnote

The Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi or IGAC) is the part of the Colombian government responsible for generating the official maps and basic cartography of Colombia.

Fig. 2

Source: The authors, based on ASOCAÑA (2005, 2010, 2016a, b)

Fig. 3

Source: The authors

Fig. 4

Source: Photographic archive of the Technical Environmental Direction of CVC (Flight R_372 of the year 1957, Photographs 90 and 91; Flight F-42 A of the 14th of August/998, Photographs 148 and 149)

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Notes

  1. When accumulation reaches a limit, crises emerge in the capitalist system, which are “solved” by creating new frontiers for labor and resource exploitation. Harvey’s (2003) approach to dispossession suggests that capital accumulation builds on a spatio-temporal reorganization that is inherent to the crisis-and-expansion of capitalism.

  2. The Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi or IGAC) is the part of the Colombian government responsible for generating the official maps and basic cartography of Colombia.

  3. Our methods were approved by the Ethics Committee at Universidad del Valle (Approval No. 010-2015, Internal Code #112-015).

  4. The community council from El Hormiguero has been formally recognized by the Municipality of Cali (Resolution No. 4146.0.21.1.914.000383 of April/2016) but has not formally acquired the right to collective territory.

  5. The Indigenous settlement of López Adentro was established in 1984, but it did not receive formal recognition by the Colombian government until 1996 (Resolution No. 034 and Agreement No. 104/1996).

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Consejo Comunitario Hormiguero Palenque, the Cabildo Indígena Corinto López Adentro, and to the local leaders and communities who generously participated in this research. We further wish to thank David Rodríguez Goyes for comments on an earlier draft of this article, as well as to three anonymous reviewers. This research was made possible with the financial support of Colciencias, Fundación WWB Colombia and Universidad del Valle.

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  1. School of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia

    Diana Hurtado & Irene Vélez-Torres

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Hurtado, D., Vélez-Torres, I. Toxic Dispossession: On the Social Impacts of the Aerial Use of Glyphosate by the Sugarcane Agroindustry in Colombia. Crit Crim 28, 557–576 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-020-09531-3

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