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The impact of immigration on human capital and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA: an empirical investigation

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Abstract

The phenomenon of migration is an essential component in designing sustainable development policies, and it is valuable to investigate the multidimensional effects of migration. While the current literature focuses more on the economic, social, and political impacts of migration, its impact on the environment is relatively less explored. This paper, which aims to overcome this shortcoming in the literature, examines the relationship between immigration, human capital, economic growth, financial development, energy, and environmental pollution in the USA with the STIRPAT model. We follow unit root and structural breaks co-integration tests, then parameter estimates and causality analysis. According to the results, while migration, financial development, and energy consumption have an increasing effect on environmental pollution, economic growth has a decreasing impact on pollution. There is no statistically significant relationship between human capital and the environment. On the other hand, immigration contributes to human capital accumulation in the long run.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Notes

  1. STIRPAT model is called stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

MD: Conceptualisation, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, supervision. EK: Conceptualisation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. ZSU: Data curation, methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emrah Koçak.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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All authors contributed voluntarily to this study.

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Dedeoğlu, M., Koçak, E. & Uucak, Z.Ş. The impact of immigration on human capital and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA: an empirical investigation. Air Qual Atmos Health 14, 705–714 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00973-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00973-w

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