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Profiling of antimicrobial metabolites of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. isolated from different plant hosts

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Abstract

In this study, nine strains of Pseudomonas aurantiaca and P. chlororaphis, and two isolates of Pseudomonas sp.: At1RP4 and RS-1, were characterized for the in-vitro production of secondary metabolites in LB, DMB, and King’s B media, and of the genes responsible for the production of antagonistic metabolites. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, isolates At1RP4 and RS-1 were identified as strains of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. Five phenazine derivatives comprising phenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2-OH-Phz-1-COOH), phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (Phz-1,6-di-COOH), and 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-Phz) were produced by all strains in all three culture media including DMB, King’s B and LB. However, 2,8-dihydroxyphenazine, 6-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and the ortho-dialkyl-aromatic acids, were produced by the P. aurantiaca and P. chlororaphis strains. In addition, all strains produced 2-acetamidophenol, pyochelin, and diketopiperazine derivatives in variable amounts in all three culture media used. Highest levels of quorum-sensing signal molecules including PQS, 2-Octyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone, and hexahydro-quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide were recorded for P. aeruginosa At1RP4. Moreover, all strains produced volatile hydrogen cyanide (0.95–6.68 µg/L) and the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (0.42–13.9 µM). Production of extracellular lipase and protease was recorded in all pseudomonads, whereas, cellulase production and phosphate solubilization were variable. Genes for hydrogen cyanide and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid were detected in all eleven strains while the gene for pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis was amplified in P. aurantiaca and P. chlororaphis strains. Comparative metabolomic analysis provided detailed insights about the strain-specific metabolites in pseudomonads, and their pseudo-relative quantification in different bacterial growth media to be used as single-strain biofertilizer and biocontrol inoculums.

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Acknowledgements

This work received financial support from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The funding was awarded to Izzah Shahid for PhD research work. The metabolomics research at the UVic-Genome BC Proteomics Centre was supported by funding to “The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC)” through the Genome Innovations Network (GIN) from Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, and Genome British Columbia for operations (205MET and 7203) and for technology development (215MET and MC3T) in metabolomics. The authors would like to thank Dr. Carol E. Parker for assistance with English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Izzah Shahid

  2. School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan

    Izzah Shahid, Deeba Noreen Baig, Kauser Abdulla Malik & Samina Mehnaz

  3. UVic Genome BC Proteomics Center, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada

    Izzah Shahid, Jun Han, Darryl Hardie & Christoph H. Borchers

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada

    Christoph H. Borchers

  5. Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Christoph H. Borchers

  6. Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada

    Christoph H. Borchers

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  1. Izzah Shahid
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Contributions

IS performed experiments and prepared manuscript initially. CHB and JH provided the conceptual framework for the experiments. DNB helped in genetic analysis. DH assisted in LC–MS and data analysis. SM supervised the research as well as feedback and guidance during manuscript development. KAM managed resources and critically read the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Samina Mehnaz.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Shahid, I., Han, J., Hardie, D. et al. Profiling of antimicrobial metabolites of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. isolated from different plant hosts. 3 Biotech 11, 48 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02585-8

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