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Phosphorus Fractions Affected by Land Use Changes in Soil Profile on the Loess Soil

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Abstract

To evaluate the effect of land use changes on phosphorus pools and its accumulation in the soil profile on loess soils. This study applied a modified Hedley fractionation method to investigate soil P pools in 100-cm soil profile after conversion of wheat-maize (W-M) to greenhouse vegetable (GV) or kiwi orchard (kiwi). Land use changes from W-M to GV significantly increased total P stock by 82% at 0–100-cm soil profile. In particular, conversion from W-M to GV greatly increased easily available P at 0–80 cm by 11–291%, moderately available P at 0–60 cm by 83–253%, and non-available P at 0–40 cm depth by 42–214%, respectively. Conversion from W-M to kiwi also markedly raised total P stock by 15% at 0–100-cm soil profile, in which easily available P and moderately available P at 20 cm depth increased by 161% and 130%, and non-available P at 80–100-cm depth rose by 85.6%. Land use change also caused a shift in the distribution of P pools, i.e., percentages of easily available P rose by 10–13% at 0–80 cm under GV and by 10–15% under kiwi at 0–100 cm over the W-M. Correspondingly, ratios of moderately available P also increased by 7–8% at 20–60-cm depths and by 7–10% at 0–100-cm depths. By contrast, proportions of non-available P decreased. Our results indicate a huge amount of P accumulated into the soil profile, and its solubility also increased, especially under GV, which would have significant environmental consequences. Therefore, rational P management for cash crops should arouse the attentions in all sectors of the society.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank for the English editing of Editage.

Funding

This study was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development program of China (2016YFD0800105).

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Author notes

  1. Asif Khan and Xin Jin contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Asif Khan, Xin Jin, Xueyun Yang & Shulan Zhang

  2. College of forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Asif Khan & Shengli Guo

  3. State Key laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Shengli Guo

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  1. Asif Khan
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  4. Shengli Guo
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Zhang Shulan, Xueyun Yang

Data curation: Asif Khan, Xin Jin

Formal analysis Asif Khan, Xin Jin

Funding acquisition: Zhang Shulan, Xueyun Yang

Investigation: Asif Khan, Xin Jin

Methodology: Asif Khan, Zhang Shulan

Project administration: Zhang Shulan, Xueyun Yang

Resources: Zhang Shulan, Xueyun Yang

Software: Asif Khan, Xin Jin

Supervision: Zhang Shulan

Visualization: Asif Khan, Xin Jin, Zhang Shulan

Writing—original draft: Asif Khan, Xin Jin, Zhang Shulan

Writing—review and editing: Asif Khan, Xin Jin, Zhang Shulan, Xueyun Yang, Shengli Guo

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Correspondence to Shulan Zhang.

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Khan, A., Jin, X., Yang, X. et al. Phosphorus Fractions Affected by Land Use Changes in Soil Profile on the Loess Soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 722–732 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00395-8

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