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Restoring vegetation and degraded lands by using assisted natural regeneration approach (ANRA): case study at Bankass in the centre of Mali, West Africa

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Abstract

Assisted natural regeneration approach was experimented in the Sahel region in the aim of restoring land and vegetation in accordance with the global objectives of the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative. Two sites (Endé and Soula Kanda) located in the district of Bankass in the centre of Mali were concerned by this study. Assisted shoots and non-assisted shoots of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel. were compared at Soula Kanda, while at Endé, only assisted shoots were monitored so that to assess the impact of this approach on the survival and the growth of the shoots of this species. The height, the diameter at the basis and the diameter at 1.30 m above the ground were measured from 2015 to 2017 at Endé and from 2016 to 2017 at Soula Kanda in November/December each year. For each treatment, thirty shoots were monitored and data were analysed using the software SYSTAT9 FOR WINDOWS. At Endé, the survival rate was 93%. At Soula Kanda, the survival rate of assisted shoots was 97% against 73% for the control. At Endé as well as at Soula Kanda, dead shoots were cut by farmers. The current annual increments at Endé were 44 cm year−1 for height and 1.27 cm year−1 for the diameter at 1.30 m above the ground. At Soula Kanda, the current annual increment for height was the same for the two treatments (20 cm year−1).

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Acknowledgment

We are very grateful to Kew-Royal Botanic Gardens (UK) for financial support and to IER (Mali) for al1 logistics. Many thanks are due to our colleagues of Forestry Resources Program, to Bankass local Forestry service and Conseil de Cercle (particularly Kaleb Tessougué) in helping for field activities. Many thanks are also due to Bankass farmers for allowing us to carry out this study on their parcels and for participating in field activities.

Funding

This study was funded by Kew-Royal Botanic Gardens (UK) in the frame of the trans-border pilot project (Burkina-Mali-Niger), model Great Green Wall (GGW).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut d’Economie Rurale, Programme Ressources Forestières, CRRA-Sikasso Mali, Bamako, Mali

    Bokary Allaye Kelly, Sidi Sanogo & Sory I. Sidibé

  2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, RH17 6TN, West Sussex, UK

    Elena Castillo-Lorenzo, Paolo Ceci & Tiziana Ulian

Authors
  1. Bokary Allaye Kelly
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  2. Sidi Sanogo
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  3. Sory I. Sidibé
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  4. Elena Castillo-Lorenzo
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  5. Paolo Ceci
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  6. Tiziana Ulian
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bokary Allaye Kelly.

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Social, environmental and economic benefits of FMNR

Social benefits

Environmental benefits

Economic benefits

1. Fosters realization, acceptance and the resolve to Change

12. Widespread adoption of FMNR restores tree cover

19. Increases incomes through improved crop yields

2. Creates an enabling environment

13. Increases biodiversity

20. Increases incomes through sale of tree products, including building timber, firewood, food, medicines, tool handles, furniture, etc.

3. Builds collaboration, networks and partnerships

14. Reduces erosion

21. Increases incomes through improved livestock

Production

4. Fosters tree ownership and land tenure security for Farmers

15. Enriches soils

22. Reduces expenditures and increases consumables

5. Increases education and training

16. Increases water availability

23. Increases household assets

6. Increases empowerment for women

17. Reduces wind speed and temperatures

24. Offers new income opportunities via carbon credit revenues

7. Creates community advocates

18. Increases climate change adaptation and mitigation

 

8. Increases food security, health and resilience

  

9. Improves the environmental comfort of rural communities

  

10. Gives rise to hope and optimism which improves adaptive capacity

  

11. Reduces conflict

  
  1. Source Francis et al. (2015)

Appendix 2: Advantages, disadvantages and constraints of ANRA

Advantages

Disadvantages

Constraints

1. Species adapted to local conditions

2. Low costs

3. Fast and very accessible to all farmers

4. Better survival rate

5. Guarantee biodiversity, reducing the risks and the magnitude of parasite attacks

6. Produces a wide range of products

1. Limited choice of species

2. Spatial distribution not ordered

3. Random (dependent on a source of regeneration)

4. Lack of knowledge of the sylviculture of local tree species

5. Psychological aspect: a tree is more appreciated and better maintained when planted

6. Products perceived as common resources

1. Fraudulent exploitation

2. Cut of tree parts for livestock feeding

3. Lack of forest regulations taking into account the status of the tree regenerated in the fields

  1. Source Réseau MARP—BURKINA FASO (2013): Régénération naturelle assistée. Fiche Technique

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Kelly, B.A., Sanogo, S., Sidibé, S.I. et al. Restoring vegetation and degraded lands by using assisted natural regeneration approach (ANRA): case study at Bankass in the centre of Mali, West Africa. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 14123–14139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01223-4

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