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Oncological Ligand-Target Binding Systems and Developmental Approaches for Cancer Theranostics

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Abstract

Targeted treatment of cancer hinges on the identification of specific intracellular molecular receptors on cancer cells to stimulate apoptosis for eventually inhibiting growth; the development of novel ligands to target biomarkers expressed by the cancer cells; and the creation of novel multifunctional carrier systems for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to specific malignant sites. There are numerous receptors, antigens, and biomarkers that have been discovered as oncological targets (oncotargets) for cancer diagnosis and treatment applications. Oncotargets are critically important to navigate active anticancer drug ingredients to specific disease sites with no/minimal effect on surrounding normal cells. In silico techniques relating to genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have catalyzed the discovery of oncotargets for various cancer types. Effective oncotargeting requires high-affinity probes engineered for specific binding of receptors associated with the malignancy. Computational methods such as structural modeling and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations offer opportunities to structurally design novel ligands and optimize binding affinity for specific oncotargets. This article proposes a streamlined approach for the development of ligand-oncotarget bioaffinity systems via integrated structural modeling and MD simulations, making use of proteomics, genomic, and X-ray crystallographic resources, to support targeted diagnosis and treatment of cancers and tumors.

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Acknowledgements

The author (Dr. Jaison Jeevanandam) acknowledge the support of FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Base Fund UIDB/00674/2020 and Programmatic Fund UIDP/00674/2020, Portuguese Government Funds), ARDITI-Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação through the project M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005-CQM+ (Madeira 14-20 Program).

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal

    Jaison Jeevanandam

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA

    Godfred Sabbih & Michael K. Danquah

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Kei X. Tan

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  1. Jaison Jeevanandam
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JJ, GS, and KXT prepared the manuscript. JJ finalized the manuscript format and structure. MKD reviewed and revised the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Michael K. Danquah.

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Jeevanandam, J., Sabbih, G., Tan, K.X. et al. Oncological Ligand-Target Binding Systems and Developmental Approaches for Cancer Theranostics. Mol Biotechnol 63, 167–183 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-020-00296-2

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