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Fine-scale temporal variation of intertidal marine fungal community structure: insights from an impacted Baja California sandy beach in Mexico

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Abstract

Globally, marine sandy beaches face increasing anthropogenic pressures. Long-term maintenance of their functional capacities depends strongly on robust autochthonous biotic community baseline data. However, fine-scale temporal patterns remain poorly understood in human-impacted sites, limiting our knowledge of beach response to stressors. Marine arenicolous fungi represent a neglected group of endopsamon microorganisms (living within sandy sediments) that fulfills key ecological roles mainly as saprobes. Preliminary data suggests that this fungal group is threatened by anthropogenic disturbances in tourist beaches, yet knowledge on their ecological plasticity and fine-scale patterns is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated marine fungal community composition changes over a fine temporal scale (biweekly, over a four-month period) at an impacted Pacific tourist sandy beach, and explored associations between community composition and key environmental variables. We identified 17 taxa, within four ecological groups: strict marine arenicolous fungi (Arenariomyces majusculus, Corollospora gracilis, Corollospora maritima, Corollospora sp. 1 and 2), non-arenicolous marine fungi (Nia sp.), terrestrial borne opportunistic pathogens (Arthrographis kalrae, Parengyodontium album, Neocosmospora solani, Scopulariopsis sp., and Exophiala sp.), and facultative marine species (Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp.). In agreement with our hypothesis, minor fine temporal scale changes in community structure suggest arenicolous fungi persist on the beach as inoculum. Nevertheless, we detected changes in the intertidal fungal community structure in response to environmental variables, shown by the increase of terrestrial borne pathogenic species in the rainy season. Lastly, our data warn against extensive beach grooming, which may lead to the direct reduction of strict marine arenicolous fungal groups.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank lifeguards from the Asociación de Salvavidas y Rescate del estado de Baja California, A.C., especially José Manuel Morales for their excellent collaboration with beach photographic record. We are grateful to Dr. Lidia Irene Cabrera Martínez, Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular del Departamento de Botánica, Dr. Laura Marquez and M. Sc. Nelly Lopez, Laboratorio Nacional de Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; as well as Constanza Marini-Macouzet for technical support in the laboratory. We also thank Dr. Edgar Pavía and Met. Santiago Higareda, CICESE Weather Station, for kindly providing environmental data. This paper was written during a research stay of PV at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, with support of FY2018 JSPS Invitational Fellowship for Research in Japan (ID No. S18062). The manuscript was improved by comments from the editor and anonymous reviewers.

Funding

This work was funded by the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (operating budget), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Discovery Grant (NSERC—2017-04325).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Patricia Velez, Alejandra Barrios & María C. González

  2. Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Allison K. Walker & Deniz Divanli

  3. UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico

    Jaime Gasca-Pineda

  4. Division of Genetic Resource Preservation and Evaluation, Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan

    Akira Nakagiri

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Correspondence to Patricia Velez.

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No animal testing was performed during this study.

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All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

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All data generated during this study are included in this published article. Information regarding sequences generated out of the present study has been deposited in NCBI, GenBank.

Author contribution

AN, JGP, and PV conceived and designed the research. JGP and PV collected the material. AB, AKW, DD, and PV conducted laboratory work. AKW and PV contributed with reagents and obtained funding. JGP and PV analyzed the data. MCG was in charge of digital imaging and photo editing of fungal specimens. PV wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed with the discussion of results. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Velez, P., Walker, A.K., Gasca-Pineda, J. et al. Fine-scale temporal variation of intertidal marine fungal community structure: insights from an impacted Baja California sandy beach in Mexico. Mar. Biodivers. 51, 6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01148-7

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