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Review of oil palm-derived activated carbon for CO2 capture

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A Correction to this article was published on 15 February 2021

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Abstract

Increasing ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission has contributed to the growing rate of global land and ocean surface temperature. Various carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies were established to mitigate this impending issue. CO2 adsorption is gaining prominence since unlike traditional chemical absorption, it does not require high energy usage for solvent regeneration and consumption of corrosive chemical solvent. In CO2 adsorption, activated carbons show high CO2 adsorption capacity given their well-developed porous structures. Numerous researches employed oil palm wastes as low-cost precursors. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of research works available thus far in oil palm-derived activated carbon (OPdAC) for CO2 adsorption application. First, we present the desired OPdAC characteristics and its precursors in terms of their chemical properties, elemental, and proximate compositions. This is followed by an overview of various activation methodologies and surface modification methods to attain the desired characteristics for CO2 adsorption. Then the focus turned to present available OPdAC CO2 adsorption performance and how it is affected by its physical and chemical characteristics. Based on these, we identify the challenges and the potential development in different aspects such as precursor selection, process development, and optimization of parameter. A pilot scale production cost analysis is also presented to compare various activation and surface modification methods, so that the appropriate method can be selected for CO2 adsorption.

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Abbreviations

OPdAC:

Oil palm-derived activated carbon

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CCS:

Carbon capture and storage

DAC:

Direct air capture

CH4 :

Methane

NH2COOH:

Carbamic acid

MO:

Metal oxide

NOx :

Nitrogen oxides

SOx :

Sulfur oxides

BET:

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

MF:

Mesocarp fibers

PKS:

Palm kernel shells

EFB:

Empty fruit bunches

POME:

Palm oil mill effluent

OPT:

Oil palm trunks

OPL:

Oil palm leaves

OPF:

Oil palm frond

POS:

Palm oil sludge

CHNS-O:

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen

N2 :

Nitrogen

CO:

Carbon monoxide

H2 :

Hydrogen

SEM:

Scanning electron micrograph

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

K2CO3 :

Potassium carbonate

H3PO4 :

Phosphoric acid

H2SO4 :

Sulfuric acid

ZnCl2 :

Zinc chloride

K2O:

Potassium oxide

H2O:

Water

K:

Metallic potassium

Na2CO3 :

Sodium carbonate

PSAC:

Palm shell porous carbon

PAC:

Physicochemically porous activated carbon

NH3 :

Ammonia

PEI:

Polyethyleneimine

AMPD:

2-Amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol

AMP:

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

MMEA:

2-(Methylamino)ethanol

MEA:

Mono-ethanolamine

DEA:

Diethanolamine

EDA:

Ethylenediamine

DETA:

Diethylenetriamine

NH2 :

Amino radical

NH:

Imidogen radical

HCN:

Hydrogen cyanide

(CN)2 :

Cyanogen

-CN:

Cyano radical

GAC:

Granular palm kernel shell-based activated carbon

MDEA:

Methyl diethanolamine

TEPA:

Tetra ethylene pentamine

PEHA:

Penta ethylene-hexamine

Mg:

Magnesium

Ca:

Calcium

Cu:

Copper

Co:

Cobalt

Ni:

Nickel

Fe:

Iron

Cr:

Chromium

HNO3 :

Nitric acid

Cu2 + :

Cupric ion

Zn2 + :

Zinc ion

Ni(NO3)2·6H2O:

Nickel nitrate hexahydrate

NH4VO3 :

Ammonium metavanadate

Ce(NO3)3·6H2O:

Cerium nitrate

Fe(NO3)3·9H2O:

Ferum nitrate

MgO:

Magnesium oxide

CuO:

Copper oxide

CeO2 :

Cerium oxide

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

BaO:

Barium oxide

H2S:

Hydrogen sulphide

TSA:

Temperature swing adsorption

VSA:

Vacuum swing adsorption

VTSA:

Vacuum and temperature swing adsorption

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  1. Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Jia Yen Lai, Lock Hei Ngu, Siti Salwa Hashim, Jiuan Jing Chew & Jaka Sunarso

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Lai, J.Y., Ngu, L.H., Hashim, S.S. et al. Review of oil palm-derived activated carbon for CO2 capture. Carbon Lett. 31, 201–252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00206-1

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