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A Visual and Ratiometric Chemosensor Using Thiophene Functionalized Hydrazone for the Selective Sensing of Pb2+ and F− Ions

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Abstract

Herein, a simple, efficient ratiometric chemosensor was reported for the selective sensing of Pb2+ and F− ions using thiophene functionalized hydrazone as a chemical probe. Hydrazone moiety was developed by utilizing thiophene/naphthalene as a platform for the particular recognition of cation and anion. The structures of the precursor (Z)-(1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (ABTH) and the final probe 1-((Z)-(((Z)-1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (NAPABTH) were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR and LC-MS spectroscopic methods. The interaction of NAPABTH with Pb2+ and F− ions was visually observed by the formation of pink and dark yellow solutions, respectively. The detection limits were found to be very low for Pb2+ as 1.06 ppm and for F− ions as 3.72 nM. This visual detection of Pb2+/F− ions with satisfactory outcomes obtained from UV-Vis titrations. The sensing mechanistic pathways and stoichiometric ratios were obtained from DFT and Job’s plot, respectively. The observed results are highly promising as highly selective chemosensor with lower detection limits for Pb2+ and F− ions. This strategy could exhibit tremendous applications for the selective sensing of heavy metal cations with rapid sensitivity for the design of new devices.

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Acknowledgements

WAD extending his acknowledgement to School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University for providing adequate instrument facilities through DST-IRHPA, FIST, DST-PURSE and UGC-UPE schemes.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India

    Willsingh Anbu Durai & Andy Ramu

  2. School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India

    Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy

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  1. Willsingh Anbu Durai
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All authors contributed in the present study. All authors commented on this version of the manuscript and they read and approved the final manuscript.

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Highlights

• A simultaneous responsive detection of Pb2+/F- ions was achieved by utilizing a simple probe bearing thiophene based hydrazone derivative.

• The visual recognition can be seen through the color changes by the addition of Pb2+/F- ions with the probe.

• The detection limits were achieved and found to be very lower range for both Pb2+ and F- ions 1.06 ppm and 3.72 nM respectively.

• The sensing mechanistic pathway and stoichiometric ratios were explained and confirmed through DFT, Job’s plots analysis.

• A highly selective chemosensor with lower detection limits was designed, synthesized, characterized and presented.

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Anbu Durai, W., Ramu, A. & Dhakshinamoorthy, A. A Visual and Ratiometric Chemosensor Using Thiophene Functionalized Hydrazone for the Selective Sensing of Pb2+ and F− Ions. J Fluoresc 31, 465–474 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-020-02673-1

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