Abstract
We have kindly received the comments by Hamdache and Pelàez on our published paper (Hamidatou et al. 2019); This article will give us the opportunity to provide more explanation and clarifications on the methodology followed during our work. We find these comments and critiques helpful for our future works. However, most of them were generated from the misapprehension of the paper by the comment authors. These remarks were mainly based on (1) the misjudging of the seismic source zone model used in relation to the active faults in the study area, (2) suspecting that the probabilistic seismic hazard PGA values were wrongly quoted from their analyses in our work, and (3) the logic tree usage , for which we here provide further general clarifications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Algermissen, S. T., Perkins, D. M., Thenhaus, P. C., Hanson, S. L., & Bender, B. L. (1982). Probabilistic estimates of maximum acceleration and velocity in rock in the contiguous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82–1033. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr821033.
Aoudia, A., Vaccari, F., Suhadolc, P., & Meghraoui, M. (2000). Seismogenic potential and earthquake hazard assessment in the Tell Atlas of Algeria. Journal of Seismology, 4, 79–98.
Araya, R., & Der Kiureghian, A. (1988). Seismic hazard analysis: improved models, uncertainties and sensitivities. Report to the National Science Foundation, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, report no. UCB/EERC-90/11.
Benedetti, D., & Petrini, V. (1984). On seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings: proposal of an evaluation procedure. L’Industria delle Costruzioni, 18, 66–78.
Bommer, J. (2002). Deterministic vs. probabilistic seismic hazard assessment: An exaggerated and obstructive dichotomy. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 6(sup001), 43–73.
Bommer, J. J., Scherbaum, F., Bungum, H., Cotton, F., Sabetta, F., & Abrahamson, N. A. (2005). On the use of logic trees for ground-motion prediction equations in seismic hazard analysis. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 95, 377–389.
Boughacha, M. S., Ouyed, M., Ayadi, A., & Benhallou, H. (2004). Seismicity and seismic hazard mapping of northern Algeria: Map of Maximum Calculated Intensities (MCI). Journal of Seismology, 8, 1–10.
Bougrine, A., Yelles-Chaouche, A. K., & Calais, E. (2019). Active deformation in Algeria from continuous GPS measurements. Geophysical Journal International, 217, 572–588. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz035.
Bouhadad, Y., Benhamouche, A., Bourenane, H., Ait Ouali, A., Chikh, M., & Guessoum, N. (2010). The Laalam (Algeria) damaging landslide triggered by a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.2). Natural Hazards, 54, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9466-0.
Budnitz, R. J., Apostolakis, G., Boore, D. M., Cluff, L. S., Coppersmith, K. J., Cornell, C. A., & Morris, P. A. (1997). Recommendations for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: Guidance on uncertainty and use of experts. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report NUREG/CR-6372. Census of India.
Domzig, A. (2006). Déformation active et récente, et structuration tectono-sédimentaire de la marge sous-marine algérienne. Brest: Université de Brest (UBO), IUEM.
Frankel, A. (1995). Mapping seismic hazard in the central eastern United States. Seismological Research Letters, 66(4), 8–21.
Guiraud, R. (1977). Sur la neotectonique des regions ouest-constantinoises. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, S7-XIX, 645–650. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.s7-xix.3.645.
Gupta, H. K. (2002). A review of recent studies of triggered earthquakes by artificial water reservoirs with special emphasis on earthquakes in Koyna. India. Earth-Science Reviews, 58(3–4), 279–310.
Hamidatou, M. (2017). Seismic risk assessment in urban areas: Application in Constantine region. Doctorate (Ph.D.) Thesis, University of Skikda, Civil Engineering Department.
Hamidatou, M., Mohammedi, Y., Yelles-Chaouche, A., Thallak, I., Stromeyer, D., Lebdioui, S., Fabrice, C., Hallal, N., & Khemici, O. (2019). Seismic hazard analysis of surface level, using topographic condition in the Northeast of Algeria. Pure and Applied Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02399-7.
Hamidatou, M., & Sbartai, B. (2016). Deterministic assessment of seismic risk in Constantine city, Northeast Algeria. Natural Hazards. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2693-2.
Hamidatou, M., & Sbartai, B. (2017). Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in the Constantine region, Northeast of Algeria. Arabian Journal of Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517017-2876-5.
Harbi, A. (1996). La marge algérienne orientale: résultats d’une étude par sismique réflexion. Algiers, C.R.A.A.G Publications (internal report), Algiers, no 762, 124 pp.
Harbi, A., Maouche, S., & Ayadi, A. (1999). Neotectonics and associate seismicity in the Eastern Tellian Atlas of Algeria. Journal of Seismology, 3, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009743404491.
Keller, E. A., & Pinter, N. (2002). Active tectonics: Earthquakes, uplift, and landscape. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Hamidatou, M., Stromeyer, D., & Cotton, F. (2016). Development of seismic hazard maps for Northeast of Algeria. 35th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/ESC2016/ESC2016-28-3.pdf.
Hamlaoui, M., Vanneste, K., Baddari, K., Louail, L., Vleminckx, B., & Demdoum, A. (2017). Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in the northeastern part ofAlgeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, 238.
Maouche, S., Abtout, A., Merabet, N.-E., Aïfa, T., Lamali, A., Bouyahiaoui, B. & Ayache, M. (2013). Tectonic and hydrothermal activities in Debagh, Guelma Basin (Algeria). Journal of Geological Research, 2013, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/409475.
McGuire, R. K. (2001). Deterministic vs. probabilistic earthquake hazards and risks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 21, 377–384.
Meghraoui, M. (1988). Géologie des zones sismiques du Nord de l’Algérie: paléosismologie, tectonique active et synthèse sismotectonique. Orsay: Université de Paris-Sud, Centre d’Orsay.
Mirzaei, N., Gao, M., & Chen, Y. T. (1999). Delineation of potential seismic sources for seismic zoning of Iran. Journal of Seismology, 3, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009737719013.
Mohammedi, Y. (2015). Etude sismotectonique de bassin néogène sismogène de Constantine/Grarem-Gouga. Bab Ezzouar: USTHB.
Mortgat, C. P., & Shah, H. C. (1978). Seismic hazard analysis of Algeria, technical report, the John A (p. 97). California: Blume Earthquake Engineering Center.
Ordaz, M., Aguilar, A., & Arboleda, J. (2007). CRISIS2007 e Ver. 1.1: Program for computing seismic hazard. Mexico: Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM.
Pailoplee, S., Sugiyama, Y., & Charusiri, P. (2009). Deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Thailand and adjacent areas using active fault data. Earth Planets and Space, 61, 1313–1325.
Pelàez, J. A., Hamdache, M., & Casado, C. L. (2005). Updating the probabilistic seismic hazard values of Northern Algeria with the 21 May 2003 M 6.8 Algiers earthquake included. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 162, 2163–2177.
Pelàez, J. A., Hamdache, M., & Casado, C. L. (2006). Seismic hazard in terms of spectral accelerations and uniform hazard spectra in Northern Algeria. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 163, 119–135.
Raoult, J.F. (1975). Evolution paleogeographique et structurale de la chaine alpine entre le golfe de Skikda et Constantine (Algerie orientale). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, S7-XVII, 394–409. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.s7-xvii.3.394.
Rothé, J. P. (1950). Les séismes de Kherrata et la sismicité de l’Algérie, Bull. Serv. Cart. Géol. Alg, Vol. III (4 ème série, Géophysique), PP 1–40.
Sbartai, B., & Hamidatou, M. (2013a). Seismic risk assessment of the Constantine city, Algeria. Intelligent systems and decision making for risk analysis and crisis response. Risk analysis and crisis response. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16038.
Sbartai. B., & Hamidatou, M. (2013b). Évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique en milieu urbain: Application à la ville de Constantine. In 31èmes Rencontres de l’AUGC. France: E.N.S. Cachan.
Slemmons, D. B. (1972). Microzonation for surface faulting. In Proceedings of the international conference on microzonation for safer construction research and application. Seattle, Washington, USA (pp 347–370).
Slemmons, D. B., & McKinney, R. (1977). Definition of “active Fault”. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Soil and Pavements Laboratory.
Soumaya, A., Ben Ayed, N., Rajabi, M., Meghraoui, M., Delvaux, D., & Kadri, A. (2018). Active faulting geometry and stress pattern near complex strike-slip systems along the Maghreb Region: Constraints on active convergence in the western Mediterranean. Tectonics, 37, 3148–3173. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC004983.
Stepp, J. C., Wong, I., Whitney, J., Quittemeyer, R., Abrahamson, N., Toro, G.,Youngs, R., Coppersmith, K., Savy, J., & Sullivan, T. (2001). Yucca Mountain PSHA project members, probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motions and fault displacements at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Earthquake Spectra, 17, 113–151.
Tavakoli, H. R., & Talebzadeh, A.M. (2012). Probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard assessment in Amol Center, a City in North of Iran. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 3(3), 259–263.
Thenhaus, P.C. (1986). Seismic source zones in probabilistic estimation of the earthquake ground motion hazard: A classification with key issues. Proceedings of Conference 34: Workshop on Probabilistic Earthquake Hazards Assessments, ed. Walter W. Hays, U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 86–185, 53–71.
Vila, J. M. (1980). La chaîne alpine d’Algérie orientale et des confins algéro-tunisiens. Thèse Docteur ès Sciences. Paris VI., 3, 663.
Wallace, R. E. (1981). Active faults, paleoseismology, and earthquake hazards in the western United States. Earthquake Prediction: An International Review. https://doi.org/10.1029/me004p0209.
Wang, Z., & Cobb, J. C. (2013). A critique of probabilistic versus deterministic seismic hazard analysis with special reference to the New Madrid seismic zone. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 493, 259–275. https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2493(13).
Wells, D., & Coppersmith, K. (1994). New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84, 974–1002.
Yelles-Chaouche, A., Boudiaf, A., Djellit, H., & Bracene, R. (2006). La tectonique active de la région Nord-Algérienne. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 338, 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2005.11.002.
Yelles-Chaouche, A., Roger, J., Déverchère, J., Bracène, R., Domzig, A., Hébert, H., & Kherroubi, A. (2009). The 1856 tsunami of Djidjelli (Eastern Algeria): Seismotectonics, modelling and hazard implications for the Algerian coast. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 166, 283–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0433-6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hamidatou, M., Mohammedi, Y., Hallal, N. et al. Reply to the Comment on the Paper “Seismic Hazard Analysis of Surface Level, Using Topographic Condition in Northeast of Algeria” by Mohamed Hamdache and José A. Pelàez. Pure Appl. Geophys. 178, 305–312 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02644-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02644-4