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Effective clearance of uremic toxins using functionalised silicon Nanoporous membranes

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A Correction to this article was published on 21 December 2021

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Abstract

In-house fabricated silicon nanoporous membranes (SNMs), functionalized for efficient clearance of uremic toxins, can lead to compact and portable dialysis systems. Efficacy of 15 nm thick SNMs, with average pore diameter of 8 nm, was tested for dialysis of two uremic toxins - urea and creatinine using custom made teflon apparatus of 2, 10 and 30 ml. The apparatus consisted of two reservoirs, with the cis containing the uremic fluid, and the trans containing the dialysate. Peristalsis was found to enhance the clearance rate by a factor of four as compared to unstirred condition. Functionalisation of the SNMs reduced protein binding, and surface binding of urea from 23% to negligible values. A lateral array of nine SNMs and a new design for the dialysis apparatus, increased the clearance rate by a factor of twelve from that of the single SNM. The arrays cleared about 42% of urea and 48% of creatinine from 30 ml of diluted serum samples, in 15 min. Periodic replacement of the trans fluid cleared about 81% of high concentration uremic toxins from the cis reservoir in 45 mins. The SNM arrays are stable, reproducible, and with the superior clearance rates for urea and creatinine, they have the potential to be used as membranes for portable hemodialysers.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out in the Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, IIT Madras under the NNetRA project funded by MeitY and DST, Govt. of India.

We thank Mr. Pradeep from Central Workshop, IIT Madras for fabricating the Teflon apparatus.

Measurements on serum was cleared by the Institute Ethics Committee and the serum samples were collected from the IIT Madras hospital after due process.

Funding

NNetRA Project (Nanoelectronics Network for Research and Applications) funded by MEITY (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India) and DST (Department of Science & Technology, Government of India).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Ananya Ghosh, Sivasundari Kannan & Enakshi Bhattacharya

  2. Centre for NEMS and Nanophotonics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Fidal Vallam Thodi, Sudeshna Sengupta, Lalitha Krishnan & Enakshi Bhattacharya

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  1. Ananya Ghosh
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  2. Fidal Vallam Thodi
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  3. Sudeshna Sengupta
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  6. Enakshi Bhattacharya
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Correspondence to Enakshi Bhattacharya.

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Ethical approval obtained from Institute Ethical Committee (IEC), IIT Madras (IEC/2019–01/EB/16) and The Madras Medical Mission (MMM) Hospital, Chennai, India.

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The original online version of this article was revised: There is an error in the hemodialysis buffer composition mentioned in Sect. 2: Materials and methods, Subsection 2.1 Materials (Page No.4, Line No. 22–25). The caption of Fig. 6 is erroneous and need to be corrected.

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Ghosh, A., Vallam Thodi, F., Sengupta, S. et al. Effective clearance of uremic toxins using functionalised silicon Nanoporous membranes. Biomed Microdevices 23, 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00539-8

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