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Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance and Sleep

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Abstract

Latinx college students are at high risk of suffering from depressive symptoms. A factor posited to influence depressive symptoms among Latinx college students is racial/ethnic discrimination. However, the mechanisms which link racial/ethnic discrimination to depressive symptoms are not well understood. This study examined the mediating role of racism-related vigilance and sleep-related factors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep efficiency) on the relationship between perceived intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Participants were 194 Latina/o college students enrolled at a Midwestern university designated as a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Path analysis was conducted to investigate whether racism-related vigilance and sleep-related factors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep efficiency) are potential pathways in the relationship between intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Path analysis revealed that racism-related vigilance and sleep quality sequentially mediated the effect of perceived intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms. Sleep efficiency did not mediate the relationship between racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. This study is among the first to document that intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination is negatively related to mental health through both cognitive and behavioral mechanisms. This research has important implications for understanding how discrimination may influence mental health outcomes among Latinx college students.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Cancer Institute Training Program: Cancer Education & Career Development Program (T32CA057699) and National Heart and Lung Institute (T32HL125294).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA

    Catherine M. Pichardo, Carlos E. Rosas & Marbella Uriostegui

  2. School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA

    Kristine M. Molina

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA

    Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen

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  1. Catherine M. Pichardo
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  2. Kristine M. Molina
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  4. Marbella Uriostegui
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Contributions

Catherine Pichardo was the lead author and made the largest contributions to the conceptualization, data curation, and formal analysis of the study. Ms Pichardo lead the writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript. As senior mentor and PI of the parent study, Dr. Kristine Molina’s role in the study included supporting in the conceptualization, data curation, and formal analysis. She supported in the writing, reviewing and editing of the original manuscripts and subsequent drafts. Carlos Rosas provided support in the formal analysis, data curation, investigation process, validation, and reviewing and editing of the manuscript. Marbella Uriostegui provided support in the formal analysis, data curation, and investigation of the study. Dr. Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen provided support in the in the writing of the original manuscript draft and reviewing and editing of the subsequent manuscript drafts.

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Correspondence to Catherine M. Pichardo.

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The project was started while Dr. Kristine Molina and Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen were at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

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Pichardo, C.M., Molina, K.M., Rosas, C.E. et al. Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance and Sleep. Race Soc Probl 13, 86–101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-020-09304-1

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