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Urban ecosystems and ecosystem services in megacity Dhaka: mapping and inventory analysis

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Abstract

Urban ecosystems and ecosystem services have received little research attention in South Asian countries where rapid urban development is currently problematic. We developed a typology of urban ecosystems and an inventory of current ecosystem services for Dhaka – the capital of Bangladesh. Our observations, surveys, analyses, and evaluation revealed a diversity of urban ecosystems including khal (canal), pond, wetland, cultivated land, park/rooftop garden, playground/field, open space/vacant plot, roadside trees, and graveyards. Important provisioning services included fruits, vegetables, fish, fodder, timber, fuelwood, and medicinal/ornamental plants. Regulating services included carbon sequestration and particulate matter removal by park and roadside trees, drainage service by khals and wetlands, and noise abatement by parks. Opportunities for recreation, fishing and sports, walk/exercise, inspirations for art and culture and religious values presented cultural services. Habitat services such as refugia for resident and migratory birds featured in parks, lakes, wetlands and trees on roadsides, playgrounds/fields, and graveyards. Evaluation of the states and values of urban ecosystems and ecosystem services are prerequisites to improving the wellbeing of urban communities particularly in Dhaka but more generally for other major cities in South Asia. Our findings will assist policy makers in sustainable urban ecosystem governance with possible implications for region-wide cooperation.

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  1. http://case.doe.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9

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Acknowledgements

This paper has been prepared as part of the doctoral research project “Green Adaptation for Ecosystem Services Management in Dhaka: A Socio-economic Evaluation” (project number: CF15/4498 – 2015001949). We are grateful to Monash Sustainable Development Institute and Monash University, Australia for funding through Monash Graduate Scholarship (MGS) and Postgraduate Publications Award (PPA). We are indebted to Professor Michael Ward for advice. We are thankful to the interviewees, Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) for giving us GIS data/information, the respondents, the reviewers, and everyone who helped us with data collection in Dhaka and encouraged for this publication.

Availability of data and material

We utilized both secondary and primary data for this research. For secondary data, we duly referred to the relevant sources. We are thankful to the Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) authority for giving us GIS data/information. We collected primary data by ourselves through observations, surveys, in-depth interviews, tree measurement, etc. These data are available at: “ZINIA, NAEEMA JIHAN (2019): Green Adaptation for Ecosystem Services Management in Dhaka: A Socio-economic Evaluation. Monash University. Thesis. https://doi.org/10.26180/5be362b815fb9”. We uploaded a supplementary material with this manuscript, which we predominantly used for data collection for this particular part of our research.

Funding

The manuscript with a title “Urban Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Megacity Dhaka: Mapping and Inventory Analysis” is prepared by Dr. Naeema Jihan Zinia and Prof Paul McShane. This work was part of the doctoral research project “Green Adaptation for Ecosystem Services Management in Dhaka: A Socio-economic Evaluation” (project number: CF15/4498 – 2015001949). It was funded by Monash Sustainable Development Institute and Monash University through Monash Graduate Scholarship (MGS) and Postgraduate Publications Award (PPA).

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  1. Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Naeema Jihan Zinia

  2. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Paul McShane

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  1. Naeema Jihan Zinia
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Correspondence to Naeema Jihan Zinia.

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We (Dr Naeema Jihan Zinia and Prof Paul McShane) confirm that no conflicts of interest are associated in conducting the research and in preparing the manuscript. The research was fully completed at Monash University, Australia. Financial support was guaranteed. Personal or other relationships with other people or organizations have no influence on the research.

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Zinia, N.J., McShane, P. Urban ecosystems and ecosystem services in megacity Dhaka: mapping and inventory analysis. Urban Ecosyst 24, 915–928 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-01076-1

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