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Eco-friendly Geopolymer Composite Based on Non-heat-treated Phosphate Sludge Reinforced With Polypropylene Fibers

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Abstract

Geopolymers produced with metakaolin (MK) and thermally untreated phosphate sludge (PS) are beneficial and environmentally advantageous materials, but their fragility limits its applications. The present research aims to evaluate the influence of polypropylene fibers PPF inclusion in MK/PS based geopolymers in view of overcoming the brittleness of these materials. The geopolymer matrix was prepared by mixing the thermally untreated phosphate sludge with the metakaolin in a proportion of 50% by weight, then short polypropylene fibers (PPFs) as reinforcement material were incorporated in amounts of 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5%. Composite performances were assessed in the fresh state through flow measurement, and in the hardened state through the properties of the composites under bending and compressive loading conditions. In addition, the fiber/matrix interfacial contact area was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The outcomes demonstrate that the PPF incorporation of up to 1.5% by weight into MK/PS based geopolymer paste significantly improves the flexural strength with an increase of 41% (6.41 and 9.62 MPa), as well as leads to a slight decrease of compressive strength and density. The findings of the current research reveals also that MK/PS based geopolymers can achieve a high ductility with an adequate reinforcement.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Technical Centre for Plastics and Rubber (CTPC) and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) for their support. We would like to thank the Directors of these two organizations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of engineering and materials LIMAT, Faculty of science Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University, 7955, Casablanca, Morocco

    Younesse Haddaji, Hasna Hamdane, Hicham Majdoubi, Mina Oumam & Hassan Hannache

  2. Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco

    Said Mansouri, Youssef Tamraoui, Bouchaib Manoun & Hassan Hannache

  3. Laboratory REMTEX, ESITH (Hight School of Textile and Clothing Industries), Casablanca, Morocco

    Mehdi El bouchti

  4. Laboratory of Material Sciences, Mathematics and Modelling, Faculty of Science and Technology LS3M, University of Hassan 1er, 26000, Settat, Morocco

    Driss Allaoui & Bouchaib Manoun

Authors
  1. Younesse Haddaji
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  2. Hasna Hamdane
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  3. Hicham Majdoubi
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  4. Said Mansouri
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Contributions

Younesse Haddaji: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft. Hasna Hamdane: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Hicham Majdoubi: Investigation, Software, Resources. Said Mansouri: Visualization, Writing - review & editing. Driss Allaoui: Resources, Data curation, review & editing. Mehdi El bouchti: Methodology, Formal analysis, writing. Youssef Tamraoui: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. Bouchaib Manoun: Validation, Writing - review & editing. Mina Oumam: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing. Hassan Hannache: Supervision, Project administration, Writing - review & editing.

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Correspondence to Younesse Haddaji.

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Haddaji, Y., Hamdane, H., Majdoubi, H. et al. Eco-friendly Geopolymer Composite Based on Non-heat-treated Phosphate Sludge Reinforced With Polypropylene Fibers. Silicon 13, 2389–2400 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00873-9

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