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Biological Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Skin Cancer

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Abstract

Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) increasingly attracted scientific attention in the field of medicine, especially oncology. Because of the surface action of CAPPs, treatment of skin cancers appears to be one of the most promising CAPP applications. This novel controlled CAPP application in the cancer treatment is associated with the selective anticancer characteristics of CAPP. In this literature review, the latest achievements in the field of plasma medicine related to effects of CAPP on the skin cancers were presented. Additionally, typical methods for CAPP generation and application towards skin cancer models were discussed. For a better understanding of complex interactions between reactive species (generated during CAPP operation) and cellular components, biological processes in various experimental models were analyzed. Furthermore, biological impacts of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species on skin cancer models was evaluated. Finally, prospects for receiving a clinically applicable product and cooperating with conventional therapies or drugs used in skin cancer management were debated.

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Abbreviations

A375:

Human melanoma cell line

A875:

Human melanoma cell line

AC:

Alter current

APPJ:

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Ar:

Argon

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

B16:

Murine melanoma cell line

B16-BL6:

Murine melanoma cell line

B16-F10:

Murine melanoma cell line, highly metastatic

CAPP:

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma

CBA:

Coumarin boronic acid

CCL-2:

Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2, also referred MCP-1

CCL-4:

Chemokine (C–C motif) ligands 4

CD 47:

Cluster of differentiation 47

CD 8:

Cluster of differentiation 8

CD 28:

Cluster of differentiation 28

CD 4:

Cluster of differentiation 4

CM-H2DCF-DA:

Chloromethyl derivative of the cell-permeant 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

CTR:

Calreticulin

CXCL1:

Chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1

CXCL9:

Chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 9

DAF-FM:

Amino,4-aminomethyl-20,70-difluorescein, diacetate

DBD:

Dielectric barrier discharge

DCFH-DA:

Dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium, cell culture medium

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Erk 1/2:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2

Fas:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6

FasL:

Type-II transmembrane protein, ligand for Fas

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

FCS:

Fetal calf serum

HBL:

Human epithelial cell line

H2DCFDA:

Cell-permeant 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HaCaT:

Human keratinocyte cell line

He:

Helium

Hmel1:

Human malignant melanoma cancer cell line

HV:

High voltage

IC50:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

ICD:

Immunogenic cell death

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IL-10:

Interleukin 10

IL-12:

Interleukin 12

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IL-2:

Interleukin 2

IL-4:

Interleukin 4

iNOS:

Inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthases

KI:

Potassium iodide

kINPen:

Commercially available atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet

L929:

Murine normal fibroblast cell line

LD50:

Median lethal dose

LED:

Light-emitting diode

LN229:

Human glioblastoma cell line

Malme-3M:

Malignant human melanoma cell line

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

MC-1R:

Melanocortin 1 receptor

MHC-1:

Monoclonal antibody MHC class 1

MEM:

Minimum essential medium eagle, cell culture medium

MIG:

Monokine induced by gamma interferon, also referred CXCL9

MTT:

Tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

N2 :

Nitrogen

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NO:

Nitric oxide

NO* :

Nitric oxide radical

NO2 − :

Nitrite ion

NO3 − :

Nitrate ion

O:

Atomic oxygen

O2 :

Oxygen

O3 :

Ozone

OH:

Hydroxide

ONOO− :

Peroxynitrite

p38 MAPK:

P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

p53:

Tumor protein p53

PANC-1:

Human pancreatic cancer cell line

PA-TU-8988T:

Primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

p-FAK:

Anti-phospho- focal adhesion kinase

PTL:

Plasma-treated liquid

PTT:

Plasma-activated tryptophan solution

RF:

Radio frequency

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RPMI 1640:

Roswell park memorial institute cell culture medium

S-DBD:

Surface dielectric barrier discharge

SK-MEL-28:

Human melanoma cell line

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TNFR1:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

TNM:

Classification of malignant tumors standard

Trp:

Tryptophan

U87:

Human primary glioblastoma cell line

µ-APPJ:

Micro-atmospheric pressure plasma jet

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgements

The presented research was financed by the statutory activity from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education dedicated to the Faculty of Chemistry of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. A.D. is supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. This work was supported by the statutory activity subsidy from the European Social Fund for the interdisciplinary doctoral studies and internship programme—BioTechNan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland

    Dominik Terefinko, Anna Dzimitrowicz, Pawel Pohl & Piotr Jamroz

  2. Laboratory of Biology of Steam and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland

    Dominik Terefinko, Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl & Aleksandra Klimczak

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Terefinko, D., Dzimitrowicz, A., Bielawska-Pohl, A. et al. Biological Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Skin Cancer. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 41, 507–529 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-020-10150-7

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