Abstract
The frequency of some major mycotoxins in marker tissues (liver and kidney) and in muscle tissue of slaughter pigs and cattle, obtained from registered abattoirs in South Africa, was studied. Samples of each three bovine carcasses were obtained from two abattoirs, and samples of three porcine carcasses were from a third abattoir. All samples originated from animals from subsistence farming. All samples were analysed for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) using immunoaffinity chromatography extract cleanup and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 μg/kg (individual AFs, 100 μg/kg (DON), 1 μg/kg (OTA) and 20 μg/kg (ZEN)), no mycotoxins were detected in any of the samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Changwa R, Abia W, Msgati T, Nyoni H, Ndleve K, Njobeh P (2018) Multi-mycotoxin ocurrence in dairy cattle feeds from the Gauteng province in South Africa: a pilot study using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Toxins. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10070294
Cimbalo A, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Manyes L (2020) Toxicity of mycotoxins in vivo on vertebrate organisms: a review. Food Chem Toxicol 137:111161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111161
Duarte SC, Lino CM, Pena A (2011) Ochratoxin A in feed of food-producing animals: an undesirable mycotoxin with health and performance effects. Vet Microbiol 154:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.006
Dutton MF, de Kock S, Khilosia LD, Mwanza M (2012) Mycotoxins in South African foods a case study on aflatoxins M1 in milk. Mycotoxin Res 28:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-011-0112-9
Fink-Gremmels J, van der Merwe D (2019) Mycotoxins in the food chain: contamination of foods of animal origin. In: Smulders FJM, Rietjens IMCM, Rose MD (ed) Chemical Hazards in Foods of Animal Origin, ECVPH Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health No. 7, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp 241–261
Gallo A, Giuberti G, Frisvad JC, Bertuzzi T, Nielsen KF (2015) Review on mycotoxin issues in ruminants: occurrence in forages, effects of mycotoxin ingestion on health status and animal performance and practical strategies to counteract their negative effects toxins (Basel) 7: 3057–3111. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7083057
Janse van Rensburg B (2011) Modelling the incidence of Fusarium and Aspergillus toxin producing species in maize and sorghum in South Africa. Dissertation, University of Free State
Mngqawa P, Shephard GS, Green IR, Ngobeni SH, de Rijk TC, Katerere DR (2016) Mycotoxin contamination of home-grown maize in rural northern South Africa (limpopo and mpumalanga provinces). Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 9(1):38–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2015.1121928
Mokubedi SM, Phoku JZ, Changwa RN, Gbashi S, Njobeh PB (2019) Analysis of mycotoxins contamination in poultry feeds manufactured in selected provinces of South Africa using UHPLC-MS/MS. Toxins 11:452. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080452
Mwanza M, Dutton M (2014) Occurrence of aflatonxin M1 from rural subsistence and commerical farms from selected areas of South Africa. Food Control 39:92–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.011
Ncube E, Flett CC, Waalwijk C, Viljoen A (2010) Occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin producing Aspergillus spp. associated with groundnut production in subsistence farming systems in South Africa. S Afr J Plant Soil 27(2):195–198
Njobeh PB, Dutton MF, Åberg AT, Haggblom P (2012) Estimation of multi-mycotoxin contamination in South African compound feeds. Toxins 4:836–848. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4100836
Shephard GS, Van der Westhuizen L, Katerere DR, Herbst M, Pineiro M (2010) Preliminary exposure assessment of deoxynivalenol and patulin in South Africa. Mycotoxin Res 26:181–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-010-0052-9
Shephard GS, Burger HM, Gambacorta L, Krska R, Powers SP, Rheeder JP, Solfrizzo M, Sulyok M, Visconti A, Warth B, van der Westhuizen L (2013) Mycological analysis and multimycotoxins in maize from rural subsistence farmers in the former Transkei, South Africa. J Agric Food Chem 61(34):8232–8240. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4021762
Singh SD, Baijnath S, Chuturgoon AA (2017) A comparison of mycotoxin contamination of premium and grocery brands of pelleted cat food in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 88:a1488. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1488
VICAM (2018a). AflaTest WB. Instruction manual. [Cited August 2018] Available from: http://vicam.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=38256
VICAM (2018b). DONtest WB. Instruction manual. [Cited August 2018] Available from: http://vicam.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=41559
VICAM (2018c). OchraTest WB. Instruction manual. [Cited August 2018] Available from: http://vicam.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=38257
VICAM (2018d) ZearalaTest WB. Instruction manual. [Cited August 2018] Available from: http://vicam.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=41814
Völkel I, Schröer-Merker E, Czerny C-P (2011) The carry-over of mycotoxins in products of animal origin with special regard to its implications for the European Food Safety Legislation Food and Nutrition Sciences 2:852-867. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2011.28117
Voss KA, Smith GW, Haschek WM (2007) Fumonisins: toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity. Anim Feed Sci Tech 137:299–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.007
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Red Meat Research and Development South Africa (RMRD SA) and South African Pork Producers Organisation (SAPPO) for their funding as well as the Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARCl) in the National Development Plan Priority Area of Nutrition and Food Security (Unique number: SARCI170808259212). The grant holders acknowledge that opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in any publication generated by the NRF-supported research are that of the author(s) and that the NRF accepts no liability whatsoever in this regard.
The authors acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) for allowing us to use the data from their database. The authors thank Dr Margot Otto (University of Pretoria) for her journalistic contribution to the article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical clearance, EC005-17, for the project was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Pretoria on 27 February 2017. The authors declare that this study had no competing interests or conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van Deventer, M.M., Pretorius, B. & Schönfeldt, H.C. A preliminary study on mycotoxin contamination in red meat from registered abattoirs in South Africa. Mycotoxin Res 37, 105–108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00420-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00420-w