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Functionalization of kaolin clay with silver nanoparticles by Murraya koenigii fruit extract-mediated bioreduction process for antimicrobial applications

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Abstract

The emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes and newly outbreaking diseases are one of the major threats before mankind. This paves the way for researchers to explore new antimicrobial agents that possess common day-to-day applications. In this concern, we have fabricated the antimicrobial Ag-kaolin functional nanostructures by simple and sustainable protocol employing Murraya koenigii fruit extract. UV-visible spectra (UV-Vis) of the Ag-kaolin exhibit absorption peak at 430 nm which corresponds to the characteristic surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) shows the diffraction peak at 37.6° confirms their face-centred cubic nature with (111) plane. Furthermore, the formation of Ag-kaolin functional nanostructures was confirmed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) analysis. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies reveal the effective formation of quasi-spherical monodispersed Ag nanoparticles having 20–30-nm diameters on the kaolin clay. The bio-synthesized Ag-kaolin nanostructures showed excellent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria respectively with the inhibition zones of 26 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm.

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Acknowledgements

S.V. acknowledges the University Grants Commission (UGC), Delhi, India, for the financial support for this research activity through the Minor Research Project (MRP/UGC-SERO-Proposal No.: 1593). The authors express sincere thanks to Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC), Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India, for providing their valuable support through various analytical services.

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  1. M. Hariram

    Present address: Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sustainable Materials and Nanotechnology Lab (SMNL), Department of Physics, V.H.N.S.N. College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626001, India

    M. Hariram & S. Vivekanandhan

  2. Department of Botany, V.H.N.S.N. College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626001, India

    V. Ganesan & S. Muthuramkumar

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  1. M. Hariram
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Hariram, M., Ganesan, V., Muthuramkumar, S. et al. Functionalization of kaolin clay with silver nanoparticles by Murraya koenigii fruit extract-mediated bioreduction process for antimicrobial applications. J Aust Ceram Soc 57, 505–513 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00545-2

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