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Comparison of in Vascular Bioreactors and In Vivo Models of Degradation and Cellular Response of Mg–Zn–Mn Stents

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Abstract

Traditional in vitro evaluation criteria of magnesium (Mg)-based stents cannot reflect the degradation process in vivo, due to the interdependence and interference between biodegradable properties and bioenvironment. The current direct and indirect evaluation approaches of in vitro biocompatibility do not have a hydrodynamic environment and vascular biological structure existing in vivo. Herein, we designed a vascular bioreactor to provide an ex vivo culture environment for vessels, which reveals the degradation behavior of Mg–Zn–Mn stent and the effect of its degradation on cells. We reported that rabbit carotid arteries could maintain native morphology and viability in the bioreactor under the best condition within a flow rate of 5.4 mL min−1 and a culture time of one week. With this culture condition, Mg–Zn–Mn stents were implanted into the arteries in the bioreactors and compared with in vivo rabbit models. The arteries maintained cell survival in the bioreactor, but the cell attachment was absent on the stent struts, associated with a fast degradation. Conversely, the stents achieved a rapid and complete endothelialization in vivo for two weeks. This study could provide a correlation and difference of the degradation behavior and cellular response to the degradation of Mg-based stent between ex vivo and in vivo approaches.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 81771988 and 81330031), National Key Research and Development Project (YFB 0702500), and Sichuan Science and Technology Project (20GJHZ0268).

Author contributions

NLZ performed most of the bioreactor condition measurements, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript with help from all authors. PL designed and assembled the bioreactor, preliminarily explored the experimental conditions. HQ revised the manuscript. JW is co-corresponding author in this manuscript, and she is the first author’s advisor. In this work, she conceived the idea, supervised the study, and guided the manuscript. ASZ is the corresponding author in this manuscript, and she is the first author’s co-advisor. In this work, she guided the experimental process.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Ningling Zhou, Ping Li, Hua Qiu, Jin Wang, Nan Huang & Ansha Zhao

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    Juan Wang

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  1. Ningling Zhou
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  3. Hua Qiu
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Correspondence to Ansha Zhao or Juan Wang.

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Associate Editor Smadar Cohen oversaw the review of this article.

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Zhou, N., Li, P., Qiu, H. et al. Comparison of in Vascular Bioreactors and In Vivo Models of Degradation and Cellular Response of Mg–Zn–Mn Stents. Ann Biomed Eng 49, 1551–1560 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02699-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02699-3

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