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Evidence for Semiochemical Divergence Between Sibling Bark Beetle Species: Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus barberi

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Abstract

We investigated geographic variation in the semiochemistry of major disturbance agents of western North American pine forests, Dendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte and Dendroctonus barberi Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), species separated by the Great Basin in the USA that until recently were synonymous. At 15 sites in the western USA and northern Mexico, beetle populations were examined to determine (1) pheromone production by solitary, mining females, (2) male electroantennogram amplitudes in response to known semiochemicals for the genus, or (3) relative attractiveness of two female-produced pheromone components (endo- and exo-brevicomin) and two host odors (alpha-pinene and myrcene) to beetles in the field. Compared to female beetles collected east of the Great Basin (D. barberi), western females (D. brevicomis) produced a consistently higher proportion of, and male antenna were correspondingly more sensitive to, the exo- than the endo-isomer of brevicomin. With the exception of one sampling location (where no preference was observed), beetles west of the Great Basin were more attracted to exo- than endo- brevicomin trap lures, whereas eastern beetles displayed the reverse preference. In contrast, there was not a consistent difference between these populations regarding relative attraction or olfactory response to myrcene or alpha-pinene, although some geographic variability was evident. These data show that the semiochemical systems of D. brevicomis and D. barberi have diverged and corroborate genetic and morphological evidence that they are distinct, allopatric species.

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Notes

  1. We do not believe that the low purity discovered for the contents of a portion of the lures would have significantly influenced the results. The contamination was due to compounds that would have had substantially lower permeability through polyethylene (i.e., oxygenated and higher molecular weight compounds) than hydrocarbon monoterpenes alpha-pinene and myrcene and thus would have been released from the lures at a considerably lower rate than the primary monoterpene component. No more than trace levels of the two monoterpenes alpha-pinene and myrcene were present in the reciprocal lure.

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Acknowledgements

This publication is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Sheryl Costello of the US Forest Service who was part of the team that initiated this research project. JoAnne P. Barrett at USFS-SRS Pineville, Louisiana assisted with insect sample identification/sorting; Nick Aflitto and Stefano Padilla at Northern Arizona University assisted with trap collection as well as insect identification and counting. Douglas Robison with the Fishlake National Forest, Utah collected live insects on the Fillmore district. Philip J. Mocettini and Dick Halsey with USFS-FHP Boise Field Office assisted with collections on the Boise National Forest. Cayenne Engel of the Nevada Division of Forestry performed the trapping test in, and provided experimental insects from, the Spring Mountain National Recreation area. The Nature Conservancy graciously allowed access to the Davis Mountains Preserve.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Forest Service (USFS), Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA, 71360, USA

    Brian T. Sullivan

  2. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection (USFS-FHP), Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA

    Amanda M. Grady

  3. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA

    Richard W. Hofstetter

  4. Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada

    Deepa S. Pureswaran

  5. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Cavell Brownie

  6. USFS-FHP, Susanville, CA, 96130, USA

    Daniel Cluck

  7. USFS-FHP, Asheville, NC, 28804, USA

    Tom W. Coleman

  8. USFS-FHP, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA

    Andrew Graves

  9. USFS-FHP, Sandy, OR, 97055, USA

    Elizabeth Willhite

  10. USFS Wallowa-Whitman National Forest (NF), LaGrande, OR, 96130, USA

    Lia Spiegel

  11. USFS-FHP, Boise, ID, 83709, USA

    Dwight Scarbrough

  12. USFS, Lassen National Forest, Susanville, CA, 96130, USA

    Andrew Orlemann

  13. Department of Zoology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, CP. 1340, Mexico

    Gerardo Zúñiga

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  1. Brian T. Sullivan
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Correspondence to Brian T. Sullivan.

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Sullivan, B.T., Grady, A.M., Hofstetter, R.W. et al. Evidence for Semiochemical Divergence Between Sibling Bark Beetle Species: Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus barberi. J Chem Ecol 47, 10–27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01233-y

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