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Serum amino acid profiles in patients with mild cognitive impairment and in patients with mild dementia or moderate dementia

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the greatest global challenges for social and health care in the twenty-first century. Nowadays, determination of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for early diagnosis is served by a complex sample preparation procedure with limited diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, neuroimaging methods are expensive, time-consuming and are not readily available for use as a complimentary and common screening method. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in the identification and characterization of new blood biomarkers of dementia to minimize the limitations associated with the current methods of biomarker determination. Amino acids play many important roles in the central nervous system, acting as neuromodulators, neurotransmitters and regulators of energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate if serum amino acid levels change along the continuum from no cognitive impairment to moderate dementia, and to identify putative biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Serum levels of 16 amino acids were determined in 3 groups of patients—22 with mild cognitive impairment, 45 with mild dementia and 28 with moderate dementia—by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection using AccQ Tag column (Waters). The most exciting result is the significantly elevated concentration of arginine in patients with both stages of dementia as compared to mild cognitive impairment individuals. Recent accumulating evidence suggests the implication of changed arginine metabolism in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude that amino acids profiling might be helpful in searching for biomarkers of neurogenerative diseases. In the present study, we discovered that arginine in plasma may have a putative diagnostic value for dementia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland

    Edyta Socha, Piotr Kośliński, Marcin Koba & Marcin Gackowski

  2. Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland

    Katarzyna Mądra-Gackowska & Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska

  3. Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland

    Emilia Daghir-Wojtkowiak

Authors
  1. Edyta Socha
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  2. Piotr Kośliński
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  3. Marcin Koba
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  4. Katarzyna Mądra-Gackowska
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  6. Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
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Correspondence to Marcin Koba.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

The Bioethics Committee of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń functioning at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz reviewed and approved this study, and written informed consent was required from the participants.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Bioethics Committee of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń functioning at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz reviewed and approved this study.

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Informed consent form, patient survey form and investigator survey form were also reviewed and approved by Bioethics Committee. Written informed consent forms have been obtained from all participants.

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Handling editor: P. Rondard.

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Socha, E., Kośliński, P., Koba, M. et al. Serum amino acid profiles in patients with mild cognitive impairment and in patients with mild dementia or moderate dementia. Amino Acids 53, 97–109 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-020-02928-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-020-02928-y

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