Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of tool offset on mechanical properties of dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 joint in parallel FSW process

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Welding in the World Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new two-pass friction stir welding (FSW) implementation called parallel friction stir welding (P-FSW). This process is classified into two categories: Advanced parallel friction stir welding (AP-FSW) and retreating parallel friction stir welding (RP-FSW). The effects of three parameters named the type of process, tool offset in first pass, and tool offset in the second pass on tensile strength of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 joint in FSW have been investigated experimentally. To design experiments, optimization, and analyzing the results, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used. Quantitative and qualitative variables have been considered in five and two levels, respectively. Based on obtained results, it has been observed that tool offset in the second pass, type of process, and tool offset in the first pass have the most effect on tensile strength of welded joint, respectively. In both AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes, the maximum tensile strength occurred at the maximum value of tool offset in the second pass and minimum value of tool offset in the first pass. The maximum joint efficiency of AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes with respect to AA6061-T6 were obtained 83.1% and 95.4%, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on request.

References

  1. Devaiah D, Kishore K, Laxminarayana P (2018) Optimal FSW process parameters for dissimilar aluminium alloys (AA5083 and AA6061) Using Taguchi Technique. Mater Today: Proc 5(2):4607–4614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mishra RS, De PS, Kumar N (2014) Friction stir welding and processing: science and engineering. Springer

  3. Schmidt H, Hattel J, Wert J (2003) An analytical model for the heat generation in friction stir welding. Modell Simul Mater Sci Eng 12(1):143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Akbari M, Aliha M, Keshavarz S, Bonyadi A (2019) Effect of tool parameters on mechanical properties, temperature, and force generation during FSW. Proc Instit Mech Eng Part L: J Mater: Des Appl 233(6):1033–1043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Aziz SB, Dewan MW, Huggett DJ, Wahab MA, Okeil AM, Liao TW (2016) Impact of friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters on thermal modeling and heat generation of aluminum alloy joints. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 29(9):869–883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Meyghani B, Awang M, Emamian S, Nor MKBM (2019) Thermal modelling of friction stir welding (FSW) using calculated Young’s modulus values, in The advances in joining technology. Springer, pp 1–13

  7. Zhao Z, Liang H, Zhao Y, Yan K (2018) Effect of exchanging advancing and retreating side materials on mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance of dissimilar 6013-T4 and 7003 aluminum alloys FSW joints. J Mater Eng Perform 27(4):1777–1783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ramachandran K, Murugan N, Kumar SS (2015) Effect of tool axis offset and geometry of tool pin profile on the characteristics of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of aluminum alloy AA5052 and HSLA steel. Mater Sci Eng A 639:219–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Naghibi HD, Shakeri M, Hosseinzadeh M (2016) Neural network and genetic algorithm based modeling and optimization of tensile properties in FSW of AA 5052 to AISI 304 dissimilar joints. Trans Indian Inst Metals 69(4):891–900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sahu PK, Pal S, Pal SK, Jain R (2016) Influence of plate position, tool offset and tool rotational speed on mechanical properties and microstructures of dissimilar Al/Cu friction stir welding joints. J Mater Process Technol 235:55–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kar A, Suwas S, Kailas SV (2019) Significance of tool offset and copper interlayer during friction stir welding of aluminum to titanium. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 100(1-4):435–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mastanaiah P, Sharma A, Reddy GM (2016) Dissimilar friction stir welds in AA2219-AA5083 aluminium alloys: effect of process parameters on material inter-mixing, defect formation, and mechanical properties. Trans Indian Inst Metals 69(7):1397–1415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tamjidy M, Baharudin B, Paslar S, Matori K, Sulaiman S, Fadaeifard F (2017) Multi-objective optimization of friction stir welding process parameters of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 using a biogeography based optimization algorithm. Materials 10(5):533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu H, Li J, Duan W (2013) Research on reverse dual rotation friction stir welding process. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Symposium on Joining and Welding. Elsevier, pp. 25–32

  15. Li J, Liu H (2013) Characteristics of the reverse dual-rotation friction stir welding conducted on 2219-T6 aluminum alloy. Mater Des 45:148–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li J, Liu H (2015) Effects of the reversely rotating assisted shoulder on microstructures during the reverse dual-rotation friction stir welding. J Mater Sci Technol 31(4):375–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shi L, Wu C, Liu H (2015) The effect of the welding parameters and tool size on the thermal process and tool torque in reverse dual-rotation friction stir welding. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 91:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Thomas W, Staines D, Watts E, Norris I (2005) The simultaneous use of two or more friction stir welding tools, vol 13. TWI published on the Internet, Abington

    Google Scholar 

  19. Liu H-j, Zhang H-j (2009) Repair welding process of friction stir welding groove defect. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 19(3):563–567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumari K, Pal SK, Singh SB (2015) Friction stir welding by using counter-rotating twin tool. J Mater Process Technol 215:132–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jain R, Kumari K, Pal SK, Singh SB (2018) Counter rotating twin-tool system in friction stir welding process: a simulation study. J Mater Process Technol 255:121–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Totten GE (2006) Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, -2 Volume Set. CRC press

  23. A. Standard, E8/E8M (2009) Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM international, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0008-E0008M-09www.astm.org

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Amir Ghiasvand

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada

    Soran Hassanifard

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Hasan Kheradmandan

Authors
  1. Amir Ghiasvand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Soran Hassanifard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hasan Kheradmandan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The authors read and corrected the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Ghiasvand.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Recommended for publication by Commission III - Resistance Welding, Solid State Welding, and Allied Joining Process

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghiasvand, A., Hassanifard, S., Jalilian, M.M. et al. Investigation of tool offset on mechanical properties of dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 joint in parallel FSW process. Weld World 65, 441–450 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-01037-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-01037-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation