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Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)

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Abstract

MOXIE is a technology demonstration that addresses the Mars 2020 (Perseverance) objective of preparing for future human exploration by demonstrating In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) in the form of dissociating atmospheric CO2 into O2. The primary goals of the MOXIE project are to verify and validate the technology of Mars ISRU as a springboard for the future, and to establish achievable performance requirements and design approaches that will lead to a full-scale ISRU system based on MOXIE technology.

MOXIE has three top-level requirements: to be capable of producing at least 6 g/hr of oxygen in the context of the Mars 2020 mission (assuming atmospheric intake at 5 Torr, typical of Jezero Crater, and \(0~^{\circ}\text{C}\), typical of the rover interior); to produce oxygen with \(>98\%\) purity; and to meet these first two requirements for at least 10 operational cycles after delivery. Since MOXIE is expected to operate in all seasons and at all times of day and night on Mars, these requirements are intended to be satisfied under worst-case environmental conditions, including during a dust storm, if possible.

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Notes

  1. The somewhat unusual unit of g/hr reflects initial requirements on the MOXIE system and will be used consistently through descriptions of the flow system.

  2. When discussing instrumentation, pressure is generally expressed in Torr, while in atmospheric studies it is typically expressed in mbar.

  3. MathWorks®, Simulink®, Release R2020a, March, 2020.

  4. MathWorks®, MATLAB®, Release R2020a, March, 2020.

  5. MathWorks®, Simscape™, Release R2020a, March, 2020.

Abbreviations

APB:

Advance Peripheral Bus

ASR:

Area Specific Resistance

CAC:

CO2 Acquisition and Compression System

CSA:

Ceramatec SOXE Assembly

DAC:

Digital-to-Analog Converter

DRA:

Design Reference Architecture

EDL:

Entry, Descent, and Landing

EM:

Engineering Model

FPGA:

Field Programmable Gate Array

FM:

Flight Model

FS:

Flight Spare

GUI:

Graphical User Interface

HEPA:

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

iASR:

Intrinsic Area Specific Resistance

ISRU:

In Situ Resource Utilization

JPL:

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JSA:

JPL SOXE Assembly

LOX:

Liquid Oxygen

MAV:

Mars Ascent Vehicle

MEDA:

Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer

MMRTG:

Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator

MOXIE:

Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment

MRAM:

Magneto-resistive Random Access Memory

MT:

Metric Tons

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NDIR:

Non-Dispersive Infrared Radiation

OCV:

Open Circuit Voltage

OC#:

Operating Cycle number

PET:

Polyethylene Terephthalate

PID:

Proportional-Integral-Differential

PMC:

Process Monitor and Control

PRT:

Platinum Resistance Thermometer

PWM:

Pulse Width Modulation

RAMP:

Rover Avionics Mounting Panel

RCE:

Rover Compute Element

RCT:

Run Control Table

ScSZ:

Scandia-Stabilized-Zirconia

SOXE:

Solid Oxide Electrolysis unit

SRS:

Shock Response Spectrum

TVAC:

Thermal Vacuum

VFCD:

Viscous Flow Control Device

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Acknowledgements

Portions of this research were carried out at MIT under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNH17CH01C) and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 80NM0018D0004. Test of MOXIE inlet filters at the Mars Simulation Laboratory at Aarhus University, Denmark, was supported by Carlsberg Foundation grants CF16-0981, and CF17-0979. We thank Gavin Kohn for modeling the dust loading rate and capture fraction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA

    M. Hecht, J. McClean, J. SooHoo, R. Schaefer, J. Swoboda, C. Eckert, C. Alcalde, M. Poirier, A. Burns & K. Wilson

  2. MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, MA, USA

    J. Hoffman, E. Hinterman, A. Liu & M. Nasr

  3. South Pasadena, CA, USA

    D. Rapp

  4. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    A. Aboobaker, J. Mellstrom, G. Voecks, J. Lewis, J. Johnson, C. Guernsey, M. de la Torre Juarez, T. Brown, T. Disarro, R. Morris, R. Schaefer, R. Steinkraus, R. Surampudi, T. Werne & A. Ponce

  5. OxEon Energy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    J. Hartvigsen, S. Elangovan & D. Larsen

  6. Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA

    F. Meyen

  7. MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA

    P. Khopkar

  8. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    M. Madsen & R. Nielsen

  9. Space Exploration Instruments, Tucson, AZ, USA

    P. Smith

  10. Noon Energy, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    C. Graves

  11. DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

    C. Graves

  12. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    G. Sanders & K. Araghi

  13. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

    J. Agui

  14. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    K. Lackner & B. Tata

  15. Imperial College, London, UK

    T. Pike

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Correspondence to J. Hoffman.

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The Mars 2020 Mission

Edited by Kenneth A. Farley, Kenneth H. Williford and Kathryn M. Stack

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Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Rapp, D. et al. Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE). Space Sci Rev 217, 9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8

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