Abstract
In this study, we firstly reported the large-scale screening and isolation of endophytic fungi from nine wild and six cultivated soybeans in the cold regions of China. We totally isolated 302 endophytic fungal strains, of which 215 strains are isolated from the wild soybeans and 87 are identified from cultivated soybeans. Among these endophytic fungal strains, in the roots, stems, and leaves, 24.17% were isolated from roots, 28.8% were isolated from stems, and 47.01% were isolated from leaves, respectively. Most endophytic fungal strains isolated from the wild soybean roots were the species of Fusarium genus, and the fungal strains in the stems were the species of ascomycetes and Fusarium fungi, whereas most strains in the leaves were Alternaria fungi. To analyze the taxonomy of the obtained samples, we sequenced and compared their rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The data showed that 6 strains are putatively novel strains exhibiting ≤ 97% homology with the known strains. We next measured the secondary metabolites produced by the different strains and we found 11 strains exhibited high-performance synthesis of triterpenoids, phenols, and polysaccharides. Furthermore, we characterized their tolerance to abiotic stresses. The results indicated that 4 strains exhibited high tolerance to cadmium, and some strains exhibited resistance to acid, and alkali. The results of the study could facilitate the further exploration of the diversity of plant endophytic fungi and the potential applications of the fungi to practical agriculture and medicine industries.
Key points
• 302 endophytic fungal strains isolated from wild soybean and cultivated soybean
• 11 strains had high contents of triterpenoids, phenols, and polysaccharides
• 4 strains exhibited high Cd tolerance, and a few strains with strong tolerance to acid and alkali solution
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We wish to thank Dr. Y.C Lai and Pr. Y.G Zhan for the technical assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31101171), Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province (C2015008), and Project of Applied Technology Research and Development of Harbin (2015RQXJ019).
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J.L. Xiao designed this experiment, collected wild soybean resources, and wrote manuscripts. J.G. Sun, X. Zhou, and Y. Gong completed the isolation, purification, and ITS sequence identification of different endophytes. J.G. Sun completed the resistance screening experiment of endophyte strains. X. Zhou finished the analysis of the secondary product content of different endophyte strains. L.C. Jiang completed location of endophytic fungi in different parts of soybean materials. B. Pang participated in the writing of the manuscript and the analysis of the data. L. Zhang participated in the screening of heavy metal-resistant strains, X.D. Ding participated in the design of experiments and the guidance of experimental methods, and J. Yin participated in the design of experiments and the writing and modification of manuscripts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Xiao, Jl., Sun, JG., Pang, B. et al. Isolation and screening of stress-resistant endophytic fungus strains from wild and cultivated soybeans in cold region of China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 755–768 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11048-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11048-2