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Comprehensive Monitoring of More Than 1000 Organic Micro-pollutants in Drainage Water: Case Study in a Rural Village with End-of-Life Vehicle Processing Activities in Northern Vietnam

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Abstract

A comprehensive and detailed monitoring scheme was applied to examine more than 1000 organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in drainage water samples collected from a rural village with informal end-of-life vehicle processing activities in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total OMPs ranged from 8900 to 34,100 (median 11,400) ng L−1. In our water samples, major classes of organic pollutants were n-alkanes, squalane, synthetic phenolic antioxidants and derivatives (SPAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which together accounted for 97% in average of total OMPs. Trace levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were also detected. In particular, CB-11 (3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl), which is a minor component of technical PCB mixtures but is a dominant impurity in many organic pigments, was found in all the samples (median 0.20; range 0.14–0.23 ng L−1; accounting for 5% in average of total PCBs). In general, concentrations of almost all the OMPs investigated in this study were lower than critical values for any ecotoxicological risk.

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Acknowledgments

The Project “On-site Education Program in Analytical Chemistry” (OEPAC) by The University of Tokyo, Japan and Japan Analytical Instruments Manufacturer’s Association (JAIMA) is acknowledged. We thank the staff of CETASD and CATE for their support in sampling activities and sample analysis.

Funding

This study was supported by the Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)) (18KK0300) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and by the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) (grant number CRRP2019-10MY-Le).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan

    Hoang Quoc Anh & Shin Takahashi

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Hoang Quoc Anh, Isao Watanabe & Tu Binh Minh

  3. Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Le Huu Tuyen, Nguyen Minh Tue & Pham Hung Viet

  4. Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan

    Nguyen Minh Tue

  5. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Environment, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau, Hung Yen, 17000, Vietnam

    Nguyen Trong Nghia

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  1. Hoang Quoc Anh
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  6. Pham Hung Viet
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  7. Tu Binh Minh
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  8. Shin Takahashi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hoang Quoc Anh, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shin Takahashi.

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Anh, H.Q., Watanabe, I., Tuyen, L.H. et al. Comprehensive Monitoring of More Than 1000 Organic Micro-pollutants in Drainage Water: Case Study in a Rural Village with End-of-Life Vehicle Processing Activities in Northern Vietnam. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04965-5

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