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Glycolysis: an efficient route for recycling of end of life polyurethane foams

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Abstract

The increased applications of Polyurethane (PU) materials give rise to a higher amount of wastes, which have a devastating effect on the earth in turn; therefore, the management of end-of-life wastes is one of the most important issues in the modern world. Although incineration and landfilling are the most common procedure adopted for waste disposal, but both of them caused environmental problems such as air and soil pollution. Moreover, the former triggers global warming, and the latter causes water pollution making the problem worst. As a consequence, finding economical and environmentally friendly methods are a high priority topic for researchers to overcome this problem. Fortunately, recycling is an environmentally attractive solution, and there is an increased interest by the researchers in recycling PU wastes. Several recycling techniques for PUs have been described in the technical and scientific literature. Without any doubt, glycolysis reaction is one of the most important recycling method, especially for rigid and flexible PUs. In this review, glycolysis of waste polyurethane foam (PUF) materials with different glycols and catalysts, especially metallic ones were considered, and the effect of some additional parameters such as the nature of glycol, catalyst, temperature and material ratio were discussed too. In addition, a brief description on characterization of recycled products, and potential application of regenerated products is carried out.

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Abbreviations

PU:

Polyurethane

PUF:

Polyurethane foam

PMDI :

Polymeric methylene diphenylisocyanate

MDI :

4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate

PTMG :

Poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol

PUR-PIR :

Polyurethane-polyisocyanurate

TDI :

Toluene diisocyanate

DEA :

Di ethanol amine

MEA :

Monoethanolamine

DEG:

Diethylene glycol

EG :

Ethylene glycol

PEG :

Poly (ethylene glycol)

PEGs :

Poly ethylene glycols

MPG:

1,2-Propylene glycol

MEG :

Monoethylene glycol

DPG:

Dipropylene glycol

PG :

Propylene glycol

PPGs :

Polypropylene glycols

HDO:

1,6-Hexanediol

PER :

Pentaerythritol

Ti(OBu)4 :

Titanium n-butoxide

DBTDL :

Dibutyl tin dilaurate

BTO :

Butyl tin oxide

HBTO :

Hydroxyl butyl tin oxide

KAc :

Potassium acetate

Ba(Ac)2 :

Barium acetate

Zn(Ac)2 :

Zinc acetate

NaAC :

Sodium acetate

Sn(Oct)2 :

Stannous octoate

Ca(Oct)2 :

Calcium octoates

KOct :

Potassium octoate

FT-IR :

Fourier-transform infrared

NMR :

Nuclear magnetic resonance

DTG :

Derivative thermogravimetric

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

MW:

Microwave

Mw :

Molecular weight

Tg :

Glass transition temperature

ANN :

Artificial neural network

PCM :

Phase change materials

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Estahban Higher Education Center, 74519 44655, Estahban, Iran

    Roghayeh Heiran & Fatemeh Sedaghati

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    Abolfazl Ghaderian

  3. International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills, 686560, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Arunima Reghunadhan & Sabu Thomas

  4. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills, 686560, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  5. Department of Polymer Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    Amir hossein Haghighi

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Heiran, R., Ghaderian, A., Reghunadhan, A. et al. Glycolysis: an efficient route for recycling of end of life polyurethane foams. J Polym Res 28, 22 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02383-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02383-z

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