Abstract
Inputs of glacial meltwater and changes in climate can profoundly influence lake ecosystems. Anderson and Seton lakes, two morphologically and chemically similar fjord lakes within the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, experience a common biogeoclimatic setting, yet contrasting turbid-water influences from a hydroelectric development which diverts glacially-turbid water into Seton Lake, but not Anderson Lake. We conducted a comparative paleolimnological study of these two lakes to infer climatic and hydro-system influences affecting the freshwater algal community over the past ~ 200 years. Paleolimnological analysis of multiple cores for sedimentary diatom assemblages from Seton Lake revealed substantial diversion-related reductions in diatom concentrations and fluxes following the completion of the Bridge River Diversion (ca. 1950). Diatom compositional changes in Seton Lake were consistent with decreased light penetration due to increased turbidity. These changes did not occur in Anderson Lake, indicating the changes in the Seton Lake cores were likely driven by inflow of the glacially-turbid waters. Both lakes exhibited diatom compositional changes ca. 1980, with a rise in Lindavia comensis coincident with significant increases in local mean annual air temperatures and presumably associated limnological changes. Modern phytoplankton data, collected as part of this study, provides support for the occurrence of different L. comensis morphs throughout the sampling period (May–October) in Anderson Lake and in the fall in Seton Lake. The rise of L. comensis in both Anderson and Seton lakes is conceivably linked to the recent ice-free conditions enabling this taxon to persist throughout the year.
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Data availability
The data in this current study can be made available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded by BC Hydro, with administration provided by Teri Neighbour, Ahmed Gelchu, Darin Nishi, and Jeff Walker. We thank Bonnie Adolf, Gilda Davis, and Jude Manahan of St’aět’imc Eco-Resources Ltd who managed the study as part of a larger water use planning project. Special thanks goes to Dr. Dave Levy who facilitated and negotiated inclusion of this study within the planning process. Access to BC Hydro field facilities was provided by Dorian Turner. Garett Lidin of Fisheries and Oceans Canada is thanked for assistance in the field during collection of cores. Staff of the BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy including Shannon Harris, Allison Hebert, and Petra Wykpis are thanked for boat support and assistance in the field during collection of the phytoplankton samples. Other assistance in the field was provided by Dani Ramos, Annika Putt, Marc Laynes, Tyler Creasey, L.J Wilson, Caroline Melville, John Goes, and Frank Richings. Data compilations were completed by Mike Chung and Shauna Bennett. Lab support was provided by Danusia Dolecki, Lech Dolecki, staff of Fisheries and Oceans lab at Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada, and ALS Environmental, Burnaby, Canada.
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The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Funding was provided by BC Hydro and managed by St’aět’imc Eco-Resources Ltd. Further details are provided in the acknowledgements.
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Laird, K.R., Barouillet, C., Cumming, B.F. et al. Influence of glacial turbidity and climate on diatom communities in two Fjord Lakes (British Columbia, Canada). Aquat Sci 83, 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00767-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00767-3